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52 J. Common Mkt. Stud. 1 (2014)

handle is hein.journals/jcmks52 and id is 1 raw text is: JCMS 2014 Volume 52. Number 1. pp. 1-16 Eastern Enlargement Ten Years On: Transcending the East-West Divide?* RACHEL A. EPSTEIN' and WADE JACOBY2 1 Josef Korbel School of International Studies, University of Denver. 2 Brigham Young University Abstract This introduction summarizes the findings of nine research articles that examine the consequences of the European Union's eastern enlargement ten years on. The volume reaches three surprising conclusions: since 2004, the EU's economic effects have been more far-reaching than its political effects; all of the new Member States (NMS) have had problems with democratic consolidation; and, despite four years of intense crisis in the eurozone, both the EU's enlargement and neighbourhood-shaping efforts have continued. We set these economic, political and institutional developments in the context of the long-standing east-west divide in Europe, and ask whether EU membership for post-communist countries upends the continent's traditionally persistent divisions. Notable achievements of EU enlargement notwithstanding, the volume points to the continuing important differences between east and west and highlights the issue areas in which the EU transcends but also reinforces the centuries-old partition. Introduction Since 2004, the European Union (EU) has admitted 13 new Member States, 11 of which were post-communist countries that had gained independence from Soviet hegemony or Yugoslavia between 1989 and 1991.1 The EU's post-communist enlargements were its most ambitious in terms of the territory incorporated, the number of citizens admitted and, most importantly, for the sweeping political and economic transformation required of candidate states. This special issue of JCMS examines the consequences of eastern enlargement ten years on, assessing the new possibilities for prosperity there, as well as the prospects for democratic governance. The special issue also addresses the effects of enlargement on the EU's power to promote liberalizing reforms in prospective candidate or neighbourhood countries, while also protecting democratic governance among existing members. One major finding here is that since enlargement, the EU has had more direct and far-reaching effects on east central European (ECE) economies than on their * We thank the European Union Center of Excellence at the University of Colorado at Boulder, the University of Denver, the Center for the Study of Europe and David M. Kennedy Center at Brigham Young University and JCMS for their support of two workshops to vet the articles in this special issue. Special thanks to Tanja Btrzel, Scott Cooper, John Gould, Joshua Gubler, Sam Handlin, Brandy Jolliff, Joe Jupille, Dan Nielson, Sabina Pavlovska-Hilaiel, Jessica Preece, Martin Rhodes, Roger Schoenman, Kendall Stiles, Nicholas Wheeler and anonymous reviewers at JCMS for their feedback on earlier versions of these articles. ' In 2004, eight post-communist countries joined the EU: the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia. In 2007, Bulgaria and Romania joined, followed by Croatia in 2013. Malta and Cyprus also joined in 2004, though they are not under consideration here. © 2013 The Author(s) JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies © 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford OX4 2DQ, UK and 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148, USA DOI: 10.1111/jcms.12089

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