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30 J. Common Mkt. Stud. 1 (1992)

handle is hein.journals/jcmks30 and id is 1 raw text is: Journal of Common Market Studies Volume XXX 0021-9886 $3.00 No.1, March 1992 ESPRIT and the Politics of International Collective Action* WAYNE SANDHOLTZ Scripps College Introduction The ESPRIT programme of the European Community is a striking experiment in international co-operation. Prior to ESPRIT, policies to promote the informa- tion technology (IT) industries in Europe were the exclusive domain of national governments. Attempts to foster co-operation foundered on the determination of each state to create its own national champions in microelectronics and computers. ESPRIT represented a major shift in European technology policy- making. For those who study international politics, ESPRIT is also a notable instance of international co-operation. Though cross-border joint ventures and strategic partnerships among business enterprises have been common, extended co-operation among governments in high-technology industrial domains is rare. That is because the technologies involved - semiconductors and computers - have been linked closely to national interests, for both their dynamic economic role and for their military uses. The approach in this article is to analyse ESPRIT as an instance of interna- tional collective action. The theoretical notions employed come, not from theories of European integration, but from broader theories of international *The author is assistant professor of political science at Scripps College, Claremont, California. For their comments on earlier drafts, the author thanks Ernst Haas, Peter Haas, Stephen Krasner, Steven Weber and John Zysman. The research was supported by the MacArthur Foundation and the Institute of International Studies, University of California, Berkeley.

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