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19 J. Common Mkt. Stud. 1 (1980-1981)

handle is hein.journals/jcmks19 and id is 1 raw text is: Journal of Common Market Studies Volume XIX, No. i September 1980 Spatial change and economic divergence in the EEC JUDITH MARQUAND* Department of Industry DIFFERING national trends and policies between EEC Member States and, more recently, between EEC Member States and the applicant countries, are often discussed. They tend to be discussed both at a macro-economic level and in relation to certain specific industries. By contrast, the relative performance of regions rather than nations, differences in broad regional economic structure and the possible effect of varying locations and urban structures are subjects which rarely leave the pages of sp.'cialist monographs. It tends to be taken for granted that any form of strong EEC regional policy with a large European Regional Development Fund will reduce regional inequalities and will benefit the three poorest members of the Nine-Ireland, Italy and the United Kingdom-and in due course Portugal, Greece and Spain as well. This paper does not assume that the national level is the only appropriate one for the analysis of divergence. Instead, it examines briefly the problems of regions at different stages of development, the broad sectoral distinctions between agriculture, industry and services, and the spatial pattern of growth. It is often assumed implicitly that changes in these can be subsumed within the national trends. Whilst these assumptions and omissions may turn out to be justified, it is worth inquiring whether this is indeed the case, or whether there are broad sectoral and spatial patterns which cut across trends in national economies, and whose incidence may be such as to make convergence, as measured by macro-economic indicators, difficult to achieve in the absence of specific spatially differentiated policies. In this paper are considered in turn: the extent of regional variation in macro-economic indicators; patterns of regional development; patterns of urban and industrial organization; implications and conclusions. The extent of regional variation It is a commonplace that variations in such quantities as GDP per head, or unemployment, are quite as wide between regions within most EEC Member * This paper represents a personal view and should not be taken in any way to reflect the position of the Department of Industry.

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