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50 J. Conflict Resol. 3 (2006)

handle is hein.journals/jcfltr50 and id is 1 raw text is: Power Positions INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS, SOCIAL NETWORKS, AND CONFLICT EMILIE M. HAFNER-BURTON Nuffield College Oxford University ALEXANDER H. MONTGOMERY Center for International Security and Cooperation Stanford University A growing number of international relations scholars argue that intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) promote peace. Existing approaches emphasize IGO membership as an important causal attribute of individ- ual states, much like economic development and regime type. The authors use social network analysis to show that IGO memberships also create a disparate distribution of social power, significantly shaping conflicts between states. Membership partitions states into structurally equivalent clusters and establishes hierarchies of prestige in the international system. These relative positions promote common beliefs and alter the distribution of social power, making certain policy strategies more practical orrational. The authors introduce new IGO relational data and explore the empirical merits of their approach during the period from 1885 to 1992. They demonstrate that conflict is increased by the presence of many other states in structurally equivalent clusters, while large prestige disparities and in-group favoritism decrease it. Keywords: social network; militarized international dispute (MID); interstate conflict; democratic peace; international governmental organization (IGO) international governmental organizations (IGOs) promote peace and cooperation among member states; so say a growing number of international relations scholars. Over the past thirty years, researchers have devoted substantial resources to analyzing the liberal proposition that IGOs offer states important pacific benefits, reducing mili- tary conflict between members by creating an interdependent world context of mutual self-interest and understanding. Like trade and democracy, membership in IGOs has come to be conceptualized as an important state attribute: as a characteristic that AUTHORS'NOTE: We thank Charles Boehmer, Gary Goertz, David Lake, and Barry O'Neill for help- ful comments. Emilie M. Hafner-Burton would like to thank Nuffield College at Oxford University for their support, as well as Stanford's Center for Democracy, Development, and the Rule of Law. Alexander H. Montgomery would like to thank the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvard Univer- sity. Both authors are deeply grateful to Stanford's Center for International Security and Cooperation for their support during the conception of this article. The data can be found at http://jcr.sagepub.com/cgil contendfull/50/1/3/DC 1/. JOURNAL OF CONFLICT RESOLUTION, 1ol. 50 No. 1, February 2006 3-27 DOI: 10.1177/0022002705281669 0 2006 Sage Publications 3

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