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4 Int'l J. Semiotics L. 3 (1991)

handle is hein.journals/intjsemi4 and id is 1 raw text is: International Journal for the Semiotics of Law IV/ 10 [1991

PRESENTING THE EVIDENCE:
CONSTRUCTIONS OF REALITY IN COURT
by
YON MALEY AND RHONDDA FAHEY
Macquarie University, N.S.W., Australia
Two analogies or metaphors recur in discussions of trial process
and the discourse of the courtroom. One is the metaphor of the trial
as combat or battle. The reasons for this are fairly obvious. In an
adversary system, lawyers or counsel act as champions for the
opposing sides and the champions joust for supremacy before an
impartial audience of judge and jury. But if the trial is a battle, it is
a battle fought with words and the role of discourse strategies in
achieving this supremacy becomes all-important. The rules of battle
are essentially verbal; they are the rules of evidence and other
exclusionary rules which constrain the semiotics of the situation.
They stipulate what must be said, what may be said, and what
cannot be said - and of course, by whom and in what order.
The essentially discursive nature of trial process has prompted
the second metaphor for the criminal trial process, that is, of the
trial as a process of story telling. A great deal of current work on
court room discourse is based on the influential work of Bennett and
Feldman who, in their 1981 work Reconstructing Reality in the
Courtroom, suggested that the underlying interpretive frame in a
criminal trial which the jury applies is that of a story.' Bernard
Jackson points out that what is involved is a specially ritualised
form of storytelling, ritualised by its rules of exclusion, of which not
everyone has specialised knowledge? Jackson's own work takes
Bennett and Feldman's original insight further, arguing that the
1 W.L. Bennett & M.S. Feldman, Reconstructing Reality in the
Courtroom (London: Tavistock Publications, 1981).
2 B.S. Jackson, Towards an interdisciplinary model of legal communi-
cation, in Onati Workshop on the Semiotics and Sociology of Law (1990),
151, to be published in Ofati Proceedings.

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