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2 Int'l J. Semiotics L. 3 (1989)

handle is hein.journals/intjsemi2 and id is 1 raw text is: International Journal for the Semiotics of Law II/4 [1989] PROOF IN LAW: LEGAL LANGUAGE AND LEGAL INSTITUTIONS by JERZY WROBLEWSKI University of L6dz I. Introductory Observations 1. Any discussion concerning proof in law has to take into account three areas of reference, viz. languages related to law, legal insti- tutions, and ideology of the application of law concerning decisions of evidence. The reference to languages related to law is obvious. The term proof (or the synonyms of this term) appears in the languages re- lated to law, viz. in the legal language in which legal texts are formulated, and in juridical languages used in a discourse about the law such as the juridical language of the application of law or of doctrinal study of law.1 1 On three types of languages related to law, cf. e.g. K. Opalek and J. Wr6blewski, Zagadnienia teorii prawa (Problems of Legal Theory) (Warszawa: Panstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1969), ch.II; J. Wr6blewski, Le probleme de la traduction, in Rapports polonais prisentis au douziime congrts international de droit comparg (Warsaw: Ossolineum, 1986), 35-43, at 37. Carri6n-Wam singles out two juridical languages: jurisprudential and legislative opposed to natural language - R. Carri6n-Wam, Semiotica juridica, in D. Carzo and B.S. Jackson eds., Semiotics, Law and Social Sciences (Reggio: Gangemi and Liverpool: The Liverpool Law Review, 1985), 11-67; cf. B.S. Jackson, Semiotics and Legal Theory (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1985), ch. 5.2. On languages related to law, cf., e.g., Z. Ziembinski, Le language du droit et le language juridique. Les criteres de leur discernement, Archives de philosophie du droit XIX (1974), 25-31; J. Wr6blewski, Legal Language and Legal Interpretation, Law and Philosophy 4 (1985), 239-255, at 239 note 1. On the relation of legal language to natural language in terms of relative autonomy, cf. Jackson, op.cit., ch.2 and lit. cit.; T. Gizbert-Studnicki, Jezyk prawny z perspektywy socjolingwistycznej (Legal language from a sociolinguistic perspective) (Warszawa: Panstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1986), ch.IV; Opalek and Wr6blewski, op.cit., chs.IL.1.1.2, 1.1.2.

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