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21 Int'l Env't Agreements: Pol. L. & Econs. 1 (2021)

handle is hein.journals/intenve21 and id is 1 raw text is: Int Environ Agreements (2021) 21:1-7 https://doi.org/1 0.1007/si 0784-021-09527-6 EDITORIAL Achieving the ambitious targets of the Paris Agreement: the role of key actors S. Andresen' - G. Bang2 J. B. Skjerseth3 - A. Underdal4 Accepted: 25 January 2021 / Published online: 26 February 2021 © Springer Nature B.V. 2021 1 Purpose and scope The Paris Agreement (PA) of 2015 was widely celebrated as the first encompassing global mechanism for international climate cooperation (Bang et al. 2016). The agreement's key value lies in its universality, with broad participation and the same obligation to pledge, report and review for all parties (Victor 2015). The ambition mechanism enshrined in the agreement relies on a requirement for all parties to voluntarily propose increasingly ambi- tious nationally determined contributions (NDCs) every five years, as part of a 'pledge and review' governance system (Pickering et al. 2019). 2020-21 will likely provide evidence of enhanced ambition as parties are set to report new NDCs in the run-up to the 26th Confer- ence of the Parties in Glasgow. Looking back and looking forward, this special feature addresses the prospects of increased ambitions in the domestic climate policies of three important actors: China, the EU and USA. Combined, the three actors are responsible for almost 50% of global emis- sions (Ge and Friederich 2020), and with strong economic and technological muscles they inhabit influential roles in international climate cooperation. The targets, policy mixes and trajectories of China, the EU and USA will therefore be crucial for the Paris Agreement's (PA) goal attainment. With US re-entry in 2021, the only non-participants are Syria and Nicaragua. E S. Andresen sandresen@fni.no G. Bang guri.bang@nupi.no J. B. Skjorseth jbskjaerseth@fni.no A. Underdal arild.underdal@stv.uio.no The Fridtjof Nansen Institute (FNI), Fridtjof Nansens vei 17, P.O.Box 326, 1326 Lysaker, Norway 2 Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (NUPI) and CICERO, Oslo, Norway 3 The Fridtjof Nansen Institute (FNI), Lysaker, Norway 4 University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Springer

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