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28 Int'l Crim. Just. Rev. 5 (2018)

handle is hein.journals/intcrm28 and id is 1 raw text is: Article International Criminal justice Review 2018, Vol. 28(l) 5-24 @ 2017 Georgia State University Reprints and permission: sagepub.com/journalsPermnissions.nav Assailants: Crim m igration DOI: 10.1177/1057567717721299 journals.sagepub.com/homnelicj and Its Discontents OSAGE Jize Jiang' and Edna Erez' Abstract Despite little evidence of an immigration-crime nexus, many American jurisdictions have adopted a punitive approach to undocumented immigrants and an increasingly restrictive and exclusive system of immigration control. The extensive deployment of criminal justice measures to address the immigration problem led to the growth of a crimmigration apparatus-a mesh of immigration and criminal justice systems. Drawing on extant literature and applying the framework of the penal field, the article examines the social dynamics, processes, and consequences of crimmigration. It is argued that the portrayal of immigrants as symbolic assailants has facilitated the creation and operation of crimmigration under the guise of crime prevention rather than for addressing terrorism and national security-the presumed purpose of utilizing crimmigration practices. The current configuration of crimmigration across the United States is the interactive product of minority threat, partisan pol- itics, and federalism of the American government system, which have jointly formed a multilayered patchwork of immigration control. The article first outlines the analytical framework; reviews the social construction of immigrant criminality; and describes the punitive and exclusive laws, poli- cies, and enforcement practices established as responses to this threat. The dilemmas, contra- dictions, and contestations associated with crimmigration, including collateral impacts on immigrants, their families and communities, and the criminal justice system, are analyzed; and policy implications are drawn and discussed. Keywords crimmigration, criminal justice, immigration policy, immigrant communities, punishment Influxes of migrants to the United States and other Western countries in recent decades have triggered public debates over the relationship between immigration and crime, with political rhetoric and public perceptions connecting them. These perceptions have also influenced U.S. government affairs, which tend to join criminality and immigration in law and practice. Department of Criminology, Law, and justice, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA Corresponding Author: Jize Jiang, Department of Criminology, Law, and justice, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1007 W. Harrison Street (MC 141), Chicago, IL 60607, USA. Email: jjiang25@uic.edu

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