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3 Indon. J. Int'l & Comp. L. 779 (2016)
Mass Circumcision Campaigns in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Disaster in Disguise

handle is hein.journals/indjicl3 and id is 821 raw text is: MASS CIRCUMCISION CAMPAIGNS IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA A DISASTER IN DISGUISE? Ashley N. Arrington Attorney at Law E-mail: ashley.arrington@ aggienetwork.com The World Health Organization and UNAIDS began endorsing male circum- cision as an effective strategy for HIV prevention in countries with a high HIV prevalence and a low male circumcision prevalence in 2007. Four years later, such organizations, along with a host of U.S. and Western NGOs, went on to furtherpromote the scale-up of male circumcision for HIV prevention in East- ern and Southern Africa. In the years since the implementation of the resulting mass circumcision campaigns, numerous countries, including Botswana, Kenya, Malawi, Uganda, Zimbabwe, and more, have specifically complained that such campaigns operate to promote increased risky sexual behaviors and thus do not reduce HIV as claimed. In response to such complaints, this paper will seek to assess the outcomes of mass circumcision campaigns and to examine whether such campaigns are an effective and acceptable method of attacking the HIV pandemic sub-Saharan Africa currently faces. Additionally, through evaluating HIV-related human rights principles and the state obligations thereunder, this paper seeks to determine whether the mass circumcision campaigns promoted by the U.S. and other Western NGOs constitute a violation of human rights. Keywords: human right to health, international law, women rights, religious freedom, cultural relativism, reproductive health. Tle Indonesian Journal of'nrtiona & Comparative Law ISSN: 2338 7602; E ISSN: 23 http://wwwv.iji.org t© 2016 T[he institute for Migrant Rights Press

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