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42 Int'l Migration Rev. 3 (2008)

handle is hein.journals/imgratv42 and id is 1 raw text is: Between Hereand There: Immigrant Cross-Border Activities and Loyalties Roger Waldinger Department of Sociology, UCLA This paper provides an empirical assessment of the prevalence and determinants of cross-state social exchanges and attachments among Latin American immigrants living in the United States. As we shall show, using data from a recent survey of Latin American migrants living in the United States, migrant cross-state social action comes in a variety of types, with the direction of conditioning factors differing from one type to another. Moreover, social and political incorporation in the United States reduces affective ties and provision of material support, all the while facilitating other forms of cross-state social action. Con- sequently, while international migrants regularly engage in trans-state social action, the paper shows that neither transnationalism as condition of being, nor transmigrants, as distinctive class of people, is commonly found. At the turn of the 21st century, globalization is the order of the day. With international migration bringing the alien other from third world to first, and worldwide trade and communications amplifying the feedbacks traveling in the opposite direction, the view that nation-state and society normally converge has waned. Instead, social scientists are looking for new ways to think about the connections between here and there, as evidenced by the interest in the many things called transnational. Those studying international migration evince particular excitement. Observing that migration produces a plethora of connections spanning home and host societies, these scholars proclaim the emergence of transnational communities (see Glick Schiller et al., 1992; Smith and Guarnizo, 1998; Portes et al., 1999; Levitt, DeWind, and Vertovec, 2003; and accompanying articles in International Miration Review 37(3)). This paper casts a skeptical view on this new scholarly consensus. Agreeing that international migrants regularly engage in trans-state social action, the paper contends that neither transnationalism as condition of being, nor transmigrants, as distinctive class of people, is commonly found. As we shall show, using data from a recent survey of Latin American migrants living in the © 2008 by the Center for Migration Studies of New York. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-7379.2007.00112.x IMR Volume 42 Number 1 (Spring 2008):3-29 3

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