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26 Int'l Migration Rev. 4 (1992)

handle is hein.journals/imgratv26 and id is 1 raw text is: A Comparison of the Korean Minorities in China and Japan' Pyong Gap Min Queens College, City University of New York Approximately 1.8 million Koreans are settled in China and some 700,000 Koreans are located in Japan. The Korean minorities in two neighboring Asian countries make an interesting contrast in adjust- ment and ethnicity. Whereas the Koreans in China have maintained high levels of ethnic autonomy and positive ethnic identity, the Korean Japanese have lost much of their cultural repertoire and have suffered from negative ethnic identity. This paper provides a comparative analysis, explaining why the Koreans in two countries have made the different adjustments. It focuses on the basic differences in minority policy between China and Japan, the difference in the context of migration, the existence or absence of a territorial base, and the differential levels of influence from Korea. This comparative analysis is theoretically valuable because it has demonstrated that the physical and cultural differences between the majority group and a minority group are not necessary conditions for prejudice and discrimination against the minority group. Minority groups in different societies make different kinds of adjustment. Some minority groups, such as African Americans in the antebellum South, have lost much of their cultural repertoire and received a high level of discrimination. Other minority groups have maintained a high level of cultural autonomy and ethnic identity. Social scientists have emphasized physical and cultural differences between the dominant group and a partic- ular minority group in explaining the pattern of a minority group's adjustment. First, minorities have been defined as those groups with phys- ical and cultural characteristics that distinguish them from the dominant group. For example, Wirth, one of the few early American theorists on ethnic relations, defined a minority group as a group of people who, I This is a revision of a paper presented at the annual meeting of the Mid-South Sociological Association, Baton Rouge, October 18-22, 1989. I acknowledge thanks to anonymous reviewers of International Migration Review for providing helpful comments on the earlier version of this paper. 4 IMR Volume xxvi, No. 1

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