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69 Iowa L. Rev. 901 (1983-1984)
The United Nations Charter and United States Civil Rights Litigation: 1946-1955

handle is hein.journals/ilr69 and id is 921 raw text is: The United Nations Charter and United
States Civil Rights Litigation: 1946-1955
Bert B. Lockwood, Jr. *
Considerable legal scholarship in recent years has been devoted to
the question of whether international human rights norms should be used
in United States domestic litigation.' Cases such as Filartiga v. Pena-
• Associate Professor of Law and Director of the Urban Morgan Institute for Human
Rights, University of Cincinnati College of Law. Editor in Chief, Human Rights Quarterly.
B.A. 1966, St. Lawrence University; J.D. 1969, Syracuse University; LL.M. 1971, Univer-
sity of Virginia.
1. See generally Christenson, Using Human Rights Law to Inform Due Process and Equal
Protection Analyses, 52 U. Cm. L. Rav. 3 (1983); Claydon, The Application of International
Human Rights Law by Canadian Courts, 30 BUFFALO L. REV. 727 (1981); Hartman, Unusual
Punishment: The Domestic Effects of International Norms Restricting the Application of the Death
Penalty, 52 U. Cm. L. REv. 655 (1983); Hassan, The Doctrine of Incorporation: New Vistas
for the Enforcement of International Human Rights?, 5 HUM. RTs. Q. 68 (1983); Henkin, Rights:
American and Human, 79 COLUM. L. REv. 405 (1979); Henkin, Constitutional Rights and Human
Rights, 13 HARV. C.R.-C.L. REv. 593 (1978); Lillich, The Role of Domestic Courts in Pro-
moting International Human Rights Norms, 24 N.Y.L. SCel. L. REV. 153 (1978); Martineau,
Interpreting the Constitution: The Use of International Human Rights Norms, 5 HUM. RTs. Q.
87 (1983); Paust, Does Your Police Force Use Illegal Weapons? A Configurative Approach to Deci-
sion Integrating International and Domestic Law, 18 HARV. INT'L L.J. 19 (1977); Paust, Laws
of the Nations vs. Laws of the Land, HUM. RTs., Winter 1982, at 40; Paust, Book Review,
56 N.Y.U. L. Rv. 227 (1981) (reviewing M. McDouGAL, H. LASWELL & L. CHEN, HUMAN
RIGHTS AND WORLD PU3LIC ORDER (1980)); Perspectives on Enforcement of Human Rights, 74
AM. Soc. INT'L L. PROC. 1 (1980); Proceedings: Conference on International Human Rights
Law in State and Federal Courts, 17 U.S.F.L. REv. 1 (1982); Schweitzer, The United Nations
as a Source of Domestic Law: Can Security Council Resolutions Be Enforced in American Courts?,
4 YALE STUD. IN WORLD PUB. ORD. 162 (1978); Shockey, Enforcement in United States Courts
of the United Nations Councilfor Namibia's Decree on Natural Resources, 2 YALE STUD. IN WORLD
PUB. ORD. 285 (1976); Symposium-FederalJurisdiction, Human Rights, and the Law of Nations:
Essays on Filartiga v. Pena-Irala, 11 GA. J. INT'L & COMP. L. 305 (1981); Symposium on
the Future of Human Rights in the World Legal Order, 9 HOFsTRA L. REv. 337 (1981); Note,
Self-Executing Treaties and the Human Rights Provisions of the United Nations Charter: A Separation
of Powers Problem, 25 BUFFALO L. REv. 773 (1976); Note, The Domestic Application of Interna-
tional Human Rights Law: Evolving the Species, 5 HAsTINGS INT'L & CoMP. L. REv. 161 (1981);
Note, Federal Jurisdiction and the Protection of International Human Rights, 9 N.Y.U. REV. L.
& SoC. CHANGE 199 (1980); Note, Individual Enforcement of Obligations Arising Under the United
Nations Charter, 19 SANTA CLARA L. REv. 195 (1979); Note, Enforcement of International Human
Rights in the Federal Courts After Filartiga v. Pena-Irala, 67 VA. L. REv. 1379 (1981).
For a collection of articles discissing domestic law and international human rights,
see generally Bilder, Integrating International Human Rights Law into Domestic Law-U.S.
Experience, 4 Hous. J. INT'L L. 1 (1981); Christenson, The Uses of Human Rights Norms
to Inform Constitutional Interpretation, id. at 39; Hassan, Panacea or Mirage? Domestic Enforce-
ment of International Human Rights Law: Recent Cases, id. at 13; Oliver, Problems of Cognition
and Interpretation in Applying Norms of Customary International Law of Human Rights in United
States Courts, id. at 59; Paust, Litigating Human Rights: A Commentary on the Comments, id.

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