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16 Homicide Stud. 3 (2012)

handle is hein.journals/homcst16 and id is 1 raw text is: Articles Homicide Studies 16(1) 3-22 The Declining Number of 2012 SAGE Publications Reprints and permission: C hild Homiicides in Finland, sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/108876791 1428960 I 960-2009 http://hsx.sagepub.com *SAGE Martti Lehti',juha Kdiriainen2, and janne Kivivuori' Abstract Since the I 960s, homicides against children have decreased dramatically in Finland. The article examines this decrease by disaggregating the trend in five child homicide types between 1960-1974 and 2003-2009. There were several factors reducing the motivation and opportunity to commit most child homicide types during the period. Some were results of active social policies, some were byproducts of the policies, and some were related to the change of the moral climate. Most of the factors were interdependent. However, one type of child homicide has been resistant to any of the factors and the decreasing general trend: maternal filicide-suicides. Keywords child homicides, infanticides, filicides, historical homicide trends, filicide-suicides, Finland Introduction Changes in child homicide rates' in Finland have been dramatic during the last 50 years. In the 1960s, the annual homicide mortality of children was 14 per million on average; from 2000-2009 it was six per million. During the last 50 years, the crime level has more than halved (Statistics Finland, cause of death statistics, 1936-2009). The change was most radical in homicides against infants; their death rate decreased from 112 per million in the 1960s to 14 per million in the 2000s. The drop in the homicide mortality of children in Finland since the Second World War has not been a unique phenomenon. From the 1970s until the 2000s, infanticide mortality and the homicide mortality of older children both decreased in many Western 'National Research Institute of Legal Policy, Helsinki, Finland 2Police College of Finland,Tampere, Finland Corresponding Author: Martti Lehti, LLD, NRILP, POB 444, Helsinki 00531, Finland Email: petas@mlehti.pp.fi

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