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10 Homicide Stud. 3 (2006)

handle is hein.journals/homcst10 and id is 1 raw text is: H omnicide Studies \0. - me 10 \ mbe 2 151 Race- and Gender- .1110 bcom05281518 hosted at Disaggregated Homicide h1)oiiiieu~o Offending Rates Differences and Similarities by Victim-Offender Relations Across Cities Dana L. Haynie The Ohio State University David P. Armstrong The University at Albany, State University of New York Although gender and race are two of the best known correlates of violent crime, surpris- ingly little research has examined how gender and race intersect in the etiology of violent behavior. To redress this, the authors' study integrates a communities and crime perspec- tive within a gender inequality framework to examine the city-level correlates of homi- cide offending rates disaggregated by race and gender. Two questions are addressed: a) Are the contextual underpinnings for high rates of urban homicide in the United States similar or distinct across race and gender categories? b) Does the ability of city characteristics as predictors of violence vary depending upon the context of violence (i.e., by victim-offender relationship)? Consistent with expectations, findings indicate that there are differences in the relative importance of predictors of homicide across race and gender categories. In addition, the relative importance of homicide predictors depends upon the nature of the victim-offender relationship. Keywords: gender; race; victim-offender relationship C ompared to men, women commit a very small number of homicides (U.S. Department of Justice, 2002). Therefore, it is not surprising that little research has been directed at homicides committed by women. On the other hand, homicide statistics reveal that when women do commit homicide, it is overwhelmingly directed at intimate partners and family members compared to men, who disproportionately target acquaintances and strangers (Dobash & Dobash, 1992; Jensen, 2001). This sug- gests that there is something unique about gender and gender experiences that may account for differing patterns of violent offending. Unfortunately, little research has examined the correlates of female homicide offending, and no research has dis- aggregated rates by gender and race. Neglecting racial differences in women's use of 3

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