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11 Health & Just. 1 (2023)

handle is hein.journals/hlthjs11 and id is 1 raw text is: Blackaby etal. Health &Justice (2023) 11:1 https://doi.org/1 0.1186/s40352-022-00200-x Health and Justice Interventions to improve the implementation of evidence-based healthcare in prisons: a scoping review Jenna Blackaby ,Jordan Byrne, Sue Bellass2, Krysia Canvin' and Robbie Foyl Abstract Background: There are challenges to delivering high quality primary care within prison settings and well-recognised gaps between evidence and practice.There is a growing body of literature evaluating interventions to implement evidence-based practice in the general population, yet the extent and rigour of such evaluations in incarcerated populations are unknown. We therefore conducted a scoping literature review to identify and describe evaluations of implementation interventions in the prison setting. Methods: We searched EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL Plus, Scopus, and grey literature up to August 2021, supple- mented by hand searching. Search terms included prisons, evidence-based practice, and implementation science with relevant synonyms. Two reviewers independently selected studies for inclusion. Data extraction included study populations, study design, outcomes, and author conclusions. We took a narrative approach to data synthesis. We fol- lowed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidance for scoping reviews. Results: Fifteen studies reported in 17 papers comprised one randomised controlled trial, one controlled interrupted time series analysis and 13 uncontrolled before and after studies. Eight studies took place in the US and four in the UK.Ten studies evaluated combined (multifaceted) interventions, typically including education for staff or patients. Interventions most commonly targeted communicable diseases, mental health and screening uptake. Thirteen stud- ies reported adherence to processes of care, mainly testing, prescribing and referrals. Fourteen studies concluded that interventions had positive impacts. Conclusions: There is a paucity of high-quality evidence to inform strategies to implement evidence-based health care in prisons, and an over-reliance on weak evaluation designs which may over-estimate effectiveness. Whilst most evaluations have focused on recognised priorities for the incarcerated population, relatively little attention has been paid to long-term conditions core to primary care delivery. Initiatives to close the gaps between evidence and prac- tice in prison primary care need a stronger evidence base. Keywords: Prison healthcare, Incarceration healthcare, Quality improvement, Intervention, Evidence-based 'enna Blackaby and Jordan Byrne are jointfirst authors. *Correspondence: jenna.blackaby@nhs.net ' Leeds Institute of Health Science, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK Full list of author information is available at the end of the article BMC Background The global incarcerated population has grown by a quar- ter over in the past two decades, to 11 million in 2021 (Fair & Walmsley, 2021). Multiple social and economic disadvantages contribute to a high burden of long-term conditions, communicable diseases, mental illness, and drug misuse in this population (Condon et al., 2007; Fazel & Baillargeon, 2011; Kinner & Young, 2018; Stiirup-Toft O The Author(s) 2022. Open Access This artide is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made.The images or other third party material in this article are incuded in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not incuded in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativeco mmnsorg/publicdomain/zero/10/ applies to the data made available in this artide, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access

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