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10 Health & Just. 1 (2022)

handle is hein.journals/hlthjs10 and id is 1 raw text is: Edwards et al. Health and Justice (2022) 10:1 https://doi.org/1 0.1186/s40352-021-00162-6 Health and Justice RES ARCH AR iL *0e S.- * A systematic review of post-release programs for women exiting prison with substance-use disorders: assessing current programs and weighing the evidence Layla Edwards1, Sacha Kendall Jamieson2,5 Julia Bowman3,4, Sungwon Chang6, Josie Newton7 and Elizabeth Sullivan4'8'9 Abstract Background: The rising rates of women in prison is a serious public health issue. Unlike men, women in prison are characterised by significant histories of trauma, poor mental health, and high rates of substance use disorders (SUDs). Recidivism rates of women have also increased exponentially in the last decade, with substance related offences being the most imprisoned offence worldwide. There is a lack of evidence of the effectiveness of post- release programs for women. The aim of this systematic review is to synthesise and evaluate the evidence on post- release programs for women exiting prison with SUDs. Methods: We searched eight scientific databases for empirical original research published in English with no date limitation. Studies with an objective to reduce recidivism for adult women (>18 years) with a SUD were included. Study quality was assessed using the revised Cochrane Risk of Bias tool for randomized trials (RoB2) and the Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies - of Interventions (ROBINS-) tools. Results: Of the 1493 articles, twelve (n = 3799 women) met the inclusion criteria. Recidivism was significantly reduced in five (42%) programs and substance-use was significantly reduced in one (8.3%) program. Common attributes among programs that reduced recidivism were: transitional, gender-responsive programs; provision of individualised support; providing substance-related therapy, mental health and trauma treatment services. Methodological and reporting biases were common, which impacted our ability to synthesize results further. Recidivism was inconsistently measured across studies further impacting the ability to compare results across studies. * Correspondence: E.Sullivan@newcastle.edu.au 4Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia Acting Deputy Vice Chancellor Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia Full list of author information is available at the end of the article BMC © The Author(s). 2021 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http//creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/.0/) applies to the data made available in this article. unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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