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4 Global Bus. L. Rev. 1 (2013-2014)

handle is hein.journals/glbure4 and id is 1 raw text is: 











        SHALE REVOLUTION OR EVOLUTION:
      OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES FOR
                              EUROPE

                          OWEN  L. ANDERSON*

    I.  SHALE  GAS-MORE EVOLUTION THAN REVOLUTION............. 2
    II. WHY  WILL  EUROPEAN SHALE GAS EVOLVE
        MORE  SLOWLY   THAN   IN THE UNITED  STATES?  ...... ...... 11
        A.  Risk-Taking  Independents, Known   Geology,  and Lower
        Political Risk................................... 11
        B.  Larger  and More  Experienced  Petroleum
            Services Industry.    ............................ 133
        C.  More  Robust  Infrastructure ..................... 14
        D.  Less Radical Environmental   Community   ....    ...... 155
        E.  Less Regulation      .................   ............... 177
        F.  Market  Pricing..      ................................. 18
        G.  Petroleum-Friendly   Tax Environment...        ............. 20
        H.  Less Densely  Populated..         ....................... 210
        L   Private (not Public) Ownership............      ..... 233
  III.  CONCLUSION   ................................             255


  The  first country to develop significant quantities of shale gas was the United
States. To illustrate this development, in 2000, shale gas accounted for a mere
1percent of total US gas production. Then in 2010, shale gas accounted for 20
percent of US gas production, and by 2035 could account for 46percent. Technically
recoverable reserves of wet natural gas in the US are estimated to exceed 2,400
trillion cubic feet, with shale gas accounting for 27 percent.3


*Eugene Kuntz Chair in Oil, Gas & Natural Resources, George Lynn Cross Research
Professor, Academic Director of the John B. Turner LL.M. in International Energy, Natural
Resources & Indigenous Peoples. Professor Anderson thanks Jarrad Cormier, third-year law
student at the University of Oklahoma, for his assistance in footnoting this article.
   ' Paul Stevens, The 'Shale Gas Revolution': Developments and Changes, CHATHAM
HOUSE                             (Aug.                           2012),
http://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/files/chathamhouse/public/Research/Energy,%20Environ
ment%20and%20Development/bp08l2_stevens.pdf..
   2 Id.; TIM BOERSMA & COREY JOHNSON, TWENTY YEARS OF US EXPERIENCE: LESSONS
LEARNT FOR EUROPE, IN SHALE GAS IN EUROPE 9, 10 (C6cile Musialski et al. eds., 2013).
   3 Technically Recoverable Shale Oil and Shale Gas Resources: An Assessment of 137
Shale Formations in 41 Countries Outside the United States, U.S. ENERGY INFORMATION
ADMIN., http://www.eia.gov/analysis/studies/worldshalegas/ (last updated June 13, 2013).


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