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75 Genus 1 (2019)

handle is hein.journals/genus75 and id is 1 raw text is: Ciritel et al. Genus (2019) 75:4 https://doi.org/1 0.1186/s41118-018-0046-6 Genus * ...:: ::..:.. CrossMark Childbearing intentions in a low fertility context: the case of Romania Alexandra-Andreea Ciritel', Alessandra De Rose` * Correspondence: alessandra. derose@uniromaltt 2Dprmn of Methods and Models for Economics, Territory and Finance - Sapienza University of Rome, via del Castro Laurenziano, 9, 00161 Rome, Italy Fu st of author information is available at the end of the article I Springer Open and Maria Felice Arezzo' Abstract This paper applies the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) to find out the predictors of fertility intentions in Romania, a low-fertility country. We analyse how attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control relate to the intention to have a child among childless individuals and one-child parents. Principal axis factor analysis confirms which items proposed by the Generation and Gender Survey (GGS 2005) act as valid and reliable measures of the suggested theoretical socio-psychological factors. Four parity-specific logistic regression models are applied to evaluate the relationship between the socio-psychological factors and childbearing intentions. Social pressure emerges as the most important aspect in fertility decision-making among childless individuals and one-child parents, and positive attitudes towards childbearing are a strong component in planning for a child. This paper also underlines the importance of the region-specific factors when studying childbearing intentions: planning for the second child significantly differs among the development regions, representing the cultural and socio-economic divisions of the Romanian territory. Keywords: Fertility intentions, Theory of planned behaviour, Gender and generation survey, Romania, Developmental regions Introduction In the 1990s, the period total fertility rate (TFR) dropped below the replacement level in many European countries. In some Central and Eastern European countries (CEE), which formed the ex-Soviet bloc, the TFR fell below 1.3, a phenomenon known as the 'lowest-low fertility' (Goldstein et al. 2009). The path to the lowest-low and low fertility differs across countries and it is largely explained by parenthood postponement (Billari et al. 2006; Sobotka 2004). However, while some demographers argue that the fertility decline in CEE is partly a response to economic uncertainty and social change in these countries (Frejka and Gietel-Basten 2016; Macura 2000; Perelli-Harris 2005; Sobotka et al. 2011), others emphasise the ideational changes, which partially replaced the trad- itional values with modern values-characteristic of democratic societies-after the collapse of the totalitarian regimes. It is thought that these new values, which are inter- preted in light of the individualisation and post-materialistic theories (Inglehart 1997; Inglehart and Welzel 2005), triggered, at least partially, the second demographic transi- tion (Lesthaeghe and Surkyn 2002; Philipov et al. 2006), which is responsible for the low fertility rates. © The Author(s). 2019 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http//creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if chances were made.

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