The Human Right to Water
![handle is hein.journals/frdmev18 and id is 543 raw text is: THE HUMAN RIGHT TO WATER
Malgosia Fitzmaurice
I. INTRODUCTION: THE PROBLEM OF WATER SCARCITY
In the context of the contentious issue surrounding the legal status
and implementation of the general human right to a clean environ-
ment, the human right to water is probably the most disputed. Much
has been written about a human right to water, but no firm conclu-
sions have been drawn as to its existence, as the practice of States in
this respect is very limited.'
* Professor of Public International Law at Queen Mary, University of
London.
1. Among the numerous publications on this subject, see Jona Razzaque,
Trading Water: The Human Factor, 13 R.E.C.I.E.L. 15 (2004); SALMAN M.A.
SALMAN & SHIOBHAN MCINNERY-LANKFORD, THE HUMAN RIGHT TO WATER:
LEGAL AND POLICY DIMENSIONS (The World Bank, Law, Justice & Development
Series) (2004); FRESH WATER AND INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC LAW, (Edith
Brown Weiss et al., eds.) (2005); JOHN SCANLON ET AL., WATER AS A HUMAN
RIGHT? (2004), available at http://www.iucn.org/themes/law/pdfdocuments/
EPLP5 1 EN.pdf; THE RIGHT TO WATER, The World Health Organisation Library
(2003), available at http://www.who.int/water_ sanitationhealth/rtwrev.pdf;
ASHFAQ KHALFAN, IMPLEMENTING GENERAL COMMENT N.15 ON THE RIGHT TO
WATER IN NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL LAW AND POLICY, DISCUSSION PAPER
(2005), available at: http://www.menschenrechtwasser.de/downloads/Artikel_
Ashfaq_zum GC_15 03 _05.pdf; VIRGINIA ROAF, ASHQAF KHALFAN &
MALCOM LANGFORD, MONITORING IMPLEMENTATION OF THE RIGHT TO WATER, A
FRAMEWORK FOR DEVELOPING INDICATORS (2005), available at
http://www.boell.de/downloads/ global/righttowaterindicators.pdf Peter Gleick,
The Human Right to Water, 1 WATER POL'Y 487 (1999); KEVIN CHRISTOPHER
MCADAM, THE HUMAN RIGHT TO WATER - MARKET ALLOCATIONS AND
SUBSISTENCE IN A WORLD OF SCARCITY (2004), available at
http://dissertations.bc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article= 1028&context=ashonors;
KEVIN WATKINS ET AL. HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2006: BEYOND SCARCITY:
POWER, POVERTY AND THE GLOBAL WATER CRISIS (2006), available at
http://hdr.undp.org/hdr2006/pdfs/report/HDR06-complete.pdf, Stephan
McCaffrey, A Human Right to Water: Domestic and International Implications, 5
GEO. INT'L ENVTL. L. REV. 1 (1992) [hereinafter McCaffirey 1]; Stephan
McCaffrey, The Human Right to Water, in FRESH WATER AND INTERNATIONAL
ECONOMIC LAW 93-115 (Edith Brown Weiss et al eds.) [hereinafter McCaffrey I1];
Henri Smets, The Right to Water as a Human Right, 30 ENVTL. POL'Y & L. 248](ViewImageLocal?handle=hein.journals/frdmev18&div=23&collection=&method=preview&ext=.png&size=3)
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