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129 Harv. L. Rev. F. 1 (2015-2016)

handle is hein.journals/forharoc129 and id is 1 raw text is: 








         TAKING THE IDEA OF CONSTITUTIONAL
                    MEANING SERIOUSLY

                       Richard  H. Fallon, Jr.*

   David  Strauss's Foreword,  entitled Does  the Constitution Mean
What  It Says?,' is both provocative and wise. I agree with nearly ev-
erything that it says. In particular, I agree that constitutional law fre-
quently develops in a common   law-like way  and  that in many  cases
the language of the Constitution ceases to drive judicial decisions, even
though  the courts insist on linking their results to the constitutional
text. I further agree that this situation poses an interesting puzzle, in-
volving why  our constitutional practice maintains the kind of connec-
tion that it does between the Constitution's language and judicial out-
comes.  Finally, I believe that Strauss offers fascinating speculations in
response to this puzzle. Overall, the Foreword makes a number  of im-
portant contributions.
   I do  not believe, however, that Strauss ever clearly answers  the
question that his title poses: does the Constitution mean what it says?
To the extent that he does answer it, he appears to do so in the nega-
tive. In my view, a negative answer  is at least misleading and mostly
mistaken.  Nor  do I believe that Strauss provides the necessary con-
ceptual resources for furnishing a good answer to the question that he
highlights. In the grand scheme, these are minor criticisms. In view of
the many  insights that Strauss's Foreword develops, he may  well re-
gard the question that his title poses as more nearly a rhetorical provo-
cation to consider other issues than as a question worth deeply pursu-
ing in its own right. For my part, however, I think that answering it
with care and  in depth -   or at least providing the resources to do
so -  would help Strauss give richer, rather than different, answers to
the questions that his Foreword addresses most centrally
   In this brief Response, I shall, accordingly, first trace what Strauss
says in response to his own question, notice a puzzle that his analysis
raises, and then seek to lay the conceptual foundations for an answer
that I think he should, and quite possibly would, accept: with at most
rare exceptions, the Constitution does indeed mean   what it says, as
long as we  understand what  it says, as well as what it means, in an
appropriately nuanced way.


  * Ralph S. Tyler, Jr. Professor of Constitutional Law, Harvard Law School. I am grateful to
Frank Michelman and David Shapiro for helpful comments on an earlier draft of this Comment
and to Ephraim McDowell for research assistance.
   1 David A. Strauss, The Supreme Court, 2014 Term - Foreword: Does the Constitution Mean
What It Says?, 129 HARV. L. REV. I (2015).


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