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11 Feminist Criminology 3 (2016)

handle is hein.journals/femcrim11 and id is 1 raw text is: Article Feminist Criminology 2016, Vol. I 1(1) 3-22 No Contact, Except @ The Author(s) 2014 Reprints and permissions: : Visitation Decisions sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/1557085114554259 in Pfcx.sagepub.com Intimate Partner Abuse OSAGE Ruth E. Fleury-Steiner', Susan L. Miller', Sara Maloney2, and Emily Bonistall Postell Abstract Since the I994 Violence Against Women Act was signed into law, women seeking safety from intimate partner violence have increasingly sought civil protection orders. Each year, approximately I million civil protection orders are issued in the United States. Research suggests that protection orders can help to reduce intimate partner abuse. Moreover, protection orders can offer a variety of reliefs to survivors, including stay away orders, division of property, and custody and visitation stipulations. However, little research has examined factors related to specific conditions of protection orders, particularly around visitation. Given that batterers often use children and visitation as a further tactic of power and control, it is important to reveal which variables are related to visitation decisions and conditions within protection orders. Structured observations of protection order hearings were conducted in family courts involving women seeking orders against male partners. Visitation arrangements determined by judicial officers in hearings tended to be informal; the court provided little support or information. Legal representation only mattered for offenders. Implications for judicial training and for systems advocacy will be discussed. Keywords courts, child custody, intimate partner violence, judges, civil orders 'University of Delaware, Newark, USA 2Cape May County Board of Social Services, Cape May, USA Corresponding Author: Ruth E. Fleury-Steiner, Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Delaware, Newark, USA. Email: rfs@udel.edu

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