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6 Eur. J. Criminology 5 (2009)

handle is hein.journals/eujcrim6 and id is 1 raw text is: Volume 6 (1): 5-23: 1477-3708 DOl: 10.1177/1477370808098102 European Copyright 0 2009 European Society of Criminology and SAGE Publications Los Angeles, London, New Delhi, Singapore and Washington DC CTminol ogy www.sagepublications.com ARTICLES Adolescent Lifestyle Risk by Gender and Ethnic Background Findings from Two Urban Samples Lieven Pauwels Ghent University, Belgium Robert Svensson Malmo University, Sweden ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to explain individual differences in lifestyle risk. Lifestyle risk has previously been identified as a key social mechanism which has strong direct effects on juvenile offending. Building on statements derived from the Situational Action Theory (SAT), we test the assumptions that (1) family structure explains individual differences in lifestyle risk, (2) these effects are moderated by mechanisms of social control, and (3) the effects of mechanisms of control are moderated by the effect of propensity to offend (morality and self-control). It is assumed that this model holds in different population segments such as sub- populations by gender and ethnic background. Results from two independently drawn urban samples in Belgium and Sweden are used to discuss the generalization of these findings. Mixed support is found for the 'equality of effects' thesis. KEY WORDS Adolescent Lifestyles / Gender / Immigrant Background / Informal Control / Propensity to Offend / Situational Action Theory. Lifestyle risk as a dependent variable in criminology Recent developments within theories that explain individual differences in offending point to the importance of crime-inducing settings, often referred to as the concept of lifestyle risk. One theory that explicitly emphasizes the

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