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39 Environs: Envtl. L. & Pol'y J. 1 (2015-2016)

handle is hein.journals/environs39 and id is 1 raw text is: 








Gleaning Inspiration from Brazil's Multi-

Faceted Energy Policy: Towards a Second

    Generation of U.S. Biofuel Initiatives


                             Julia Johnson

  If we truly want an innovative and creative renewable fuel industry, then it
needs to be challenged. And if we create a set of protections that allow it to not
be as creative and innovative as possible, then we aren't doing a service to the
industry or to the people of this country.
  - Tom Vilsack

I.    INTRODUCTION                     ..............1....................................
II.   BRAZIL'S ENERGY  FRAMEWORK                 ................3..............3
III.  UNITED  STATES ETHANOL PRODUCTION  ............................ 5
      A.   U.S. Regulatory Provisions      ............    ................ 5
      B.   Differences between U.S. and Brazil Ethanol Production............ 6
IV.   CONSIDERATIONS  FOR THE UNITED STATES     ............ .............. 8
      A.   Pricing Initiatives  ...................................... 8
      B.   Mandating Use of Flex-Fuel Vehicles..    .................. 9
      C.   Environmental Considerations and Crop Yields .... ........ 10
      D.   Infrastructure and Compatibility with Older Vehicles ................ 13
      E.   Enticing New Production and Trade Initiatives   .............. 14
V.    CONCLUSION                       ................................................... 15
      APPENDIX  ..................................................... 17



                          I.   INTRODUCTION

  By harnessing and promoting use of its natural resources, Brazil has developed
some of the most progressive energy policies in the world. Due partially to its use
of alternative energy sources, Brazil continues to experience rapid economic
growth which substantially outpaces that of other nations. Brazil's regulatory
framework and mixed-use energy policies serve as a particularly appropriate
model for the United States (U.S.), which is unlikely to reduce its reliance on
fossil fuels in the near future without incentives encouraging the use of other


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