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20 Election L.J. 1 (2021)

handle is hein.journals/enlwjr20 and id is 1 raw text is: Special Issue Articles

ELECTION LAW JOURNAL
Volume 20, Number 1, 2021
© Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
DOI: 10.1089/elj.2020.0683

Foreign Election Interference:
Comparative Approaches to a Global Challenge
Lori A. Ringhand
ABSTRACT
Efforts by foreign entities to influence domestic elections have shaken democracies around the world. The
use of propaganda and misinformation to interfere in the internal affairs of other countries is not new, but
events since 2016 have heightened awareness across the globe of how changes in social media platforms,
political norms, and campaign financing rules have enabled foreign actors to influence elections on an
unprecedented scale.
This special issue of the Election Law Journal explores how six nations have perceived and responded to
this threat. These six nations-Canada, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Northern Ireland (as a con-
stituent nation of the UK), Australia, and New Zealand-have faced their own challenges and forged ahead
with their own solutions. As the contributions to this issue make clear, in doing so these nations have strug-
gled with similar questions and have worked their way toward a common set of solutions. These efforts
have varied in their details-which is what makes comparative review of them valuable-but they have
consolidated around the same general set of ideas: better educating citizens about the perils of cyber
speech, increasing transparency about who is promoting online communications, building better barriers
to exclude foreign funding of electoral communications, and trying to remove the most egregiously
false statements from political discourse.
The hope of this research is that shedding light on how different nations have operationalized these efforts
will demonstrate to election law scholars, regulators, and policy makers around the world the value of com-
parative work in this area. There is a great deal at stake, and much to learn from the experiences of others.
Keywords: campaign finance, comparative law, election law

INTRODUCTION
E FFORTS BY FOREIGN ENTITIES to influence do-
mestic elections have shaken democracies
around the world. The use of propaganda and misin-
formation to interfere in the internal affairs of other
countries is not new, but events since 2016 have
heightened awareness across the globe of how
changes   in  social media    platforms, political
Lori A. Ringhand is the interim director of the Dean Rusk Inter-
national Law Center and J. Alton Hosch Professor of Law at the
University of Georgia School of Law in Athens, Georgia, USA.

norms, and campaign financing rules have enabled
foreign actors to influence elections on an unprece-
dented scale.
This special issue of the Election Law Journal
explores how six nations have perceived and
responded to this threat. These six nations-
Canada, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands,
Northern Ireland (as a constituent nation of the
UK), Australia, and New Zealand-have faced
their own challenges and forged ahead with their
own solutions. As the contributions to this issue
make clear, in doing so these nations have struggled
with similar questions. Some of these questions
raise foundational issues about the very nature of

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