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66 Crime L. & Soc. Change 1 (2016)

handle is hein.journals/crmlsc66 and id is 1 raw text is: Crime Law Soc Change (2016) 66:1-20 CrossMark DOI 10.1007/s10611-016-9612-z Adaptation, rationality, and advancement: ethnic Albanian organized crime in New York City Jana Arsovska1 - Michael Temple 1 Published online: 4 April 2016 © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2016 Abstract The objective of this research is to understand the expansion and advance- ment of ethnic Albanian organized crime groups in New York City. Many European law enforcement agencies have depicted Albanian organized crime groups as dangerous due to their ability to overcome obstacles, their propensity to use violence, and also because they have progressed from simple service providers to working within the highest echelons of international organized crime. This research examines whether Albanian organized crime groups in New York City have developed more stable structures through the strategic acquisition of information. The article tries to answer: Do Albanian organized crime groups in New York have a long-term strategy for advancement? Are they more risk-seeking and irrational than other organized crime offenders, or are they more risk-averse and rational? Are they malleable learning organizations? This study takes both a thematic and chronological approach, and examines the process of change across four key areas (structure of the criminal organizations; criminal activities; violence; and infiltration and corruption) and over three time periods (1975-1991; 1992-2002; 2003-2014). The conclusions are based on content analysis of court files and official government documents as well as interviews with law enforcement officials and Albanian organized crime offenders, inside and outside of U.S. Federal Prisons. Introduction The Alien Conspiracy model of organized crime that grew out of North Americans' fears of an immigrant threat during the 1950s led to the depiction of organized crime as 2 Jana Arsovska jarsovska@jjay.cuny.edu Michael Temple michael.temple@jjay.cuny.edu Sociology Department, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, 524 W 59th St. North Hall Room# 3257s, New York, NY 10019, USA 4L Springer

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