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1 Const. Pol. Econ. 1 (1990)

handle is hein.journals/constpe1 and id is 1 raw text is: CONSTITUTIONAL POLITICAL ECONOMY, VOL. 1, NO. 1, 1990
THE DOMAIN OF CONSTITUTIONAL ECONOMICS*
James M. Buchanan**
Constitutional political economy is a research program that directs inquiry to the working
properties of rules, and institutions within which individuals interact, and the processes
through which these rules and institutions are chosen or come into being. The emphasis
on the choice of constraints distinguishes this research program from conventional eco-
nomics, while the emphasis on cooperative rather than conflictual interaction distin-
guishes the program from much of conventional political science. Methodological individ-
ualism and rational choice may be identified as elements in the hard core of the research
program.
Introduction
Richard B. McKenzie introduced the term constitutional economics
to define the central subject matter of a Heritage Foundation conference
that he organized in Washington, D.C., in 1982. In his fortuitous addi-
tion of the adjective constitutional to the familiar disciplinary base,
McKenzie provided precisely the combination of meaning that was
needed to identify and to isolate a research program that had emerged
as an integral, but distinguishable, part of the subdiscipline of public
choice over the three decades of the latter's existence. The term Consti-
tutional Politics calls attention to the relevant subject phenomena but
fails to convey the relevance and applicability of economics, as a disci-
plinary base, in the examination and evaluation of the foundational
rules of social order. By borrowing McKenzie's term, I was then able
to suggest, and later to write, an extended entry on constitutional
economics for The New Palgrave (1987). With these beginnings, the
ongoing research program (which is readily translatable into the more
inclusive constitutional political economy) attained full semantic legiti-
macy in the 1980's. The journal, Constitutional Political Economy
becomes the institutionalized complement.
This paper describes the domain of the still-emerging research pro-
gram, the boundaries of which must be considered to be sufficiently
*Paper prepared for Liberty Fund Symposium on German Ordnungstheorie and
American Constitutional Economics Bonn, 3-6 June 1989.
**Professor of Economics; Center for Study of Public Choice, George Mason Univer-
sity, Fairfax, Va. 22030. USA

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