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37 Comp. Pol. Stud. 3 (2004)

handle is hein.journals/compls37 and id is 1 raw text is: ON THE NET IMPACT OF EUROPEANIZATION The EU's Telecoms and Electricity Regimes Between the Global and the National DAVID LEVI-FAUR Australian National University and the University of Haifa This article examines the outcome of the EU policy process from various comparative perspec- tives in an effort to distinguish the net effects of EU membership and EU-level regimes from more general perhaps global processes of change. It argues that the major features of liberal- ization would have been diffused to most if not all member states even in the absence of the Euro- pean Commission, other agents of supranationalism, and EU-level intergovernmental commit- ment to liberalize. This is not to suggest that Europeanization does not matter but that it matters in less obvious and perhaps in less critical ways than is frequently assumed. The argument is sup- ported by comparative empirical analysis of the spatial and temporal diffusion of liberalization since the 1980s and of nationalization since the late 19th century. Keywords: regulatory reforms; privatization; liberalization; Europeanization; telecommunica- tions; electricity D oes Europeanization matter, and if so, to what extent and in what respects? Although research on the European Union is thriving, only limited empirical efforts have been directed toward a discussion of this fun- AUTHOR'S NOTE: This article had benefited from discussions and advice from Dionyssis Dimitrakopoulos, Burkard Eberlein, Nicolas Phedeon, Marcel Haag, Johan P. Olsen, Jeremy Richardson, and Colin Scot. I would also to express special thanks to Rainer Eising, Nicolas Jabko Johannes Lindner BertholdRittberge, and Susanne Schmidt, who read a draft ofthis arti- cle and contributed valuable comments. Research for this paper was hosted by the Departmentof Politics and International Relations and Nuffield College, University of Oxford. Finally, lam in debt to three anonymous referees of this journal. All usual disclaimers apply. COMPARATIVE POLITICAL STUDIES, Vol. 37 No. 1, February 2004 3-29 DOI: 10.1177/0010414003260121 D 2004 Sage Publications 3

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