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30 Comp. Pol. Stud. 3 (1997)

handle is hein.journals/compls30 and id is 1 raw text is: Election outcomes are now, more than at any time in the past, determined by voters' assessments of party leaders. However, despite its potential importance, little is known about the differences in how men and women view political leaders. This article uses recent Australian, British, and U.S. survey data to examine gender differences in the evaluations that voters make of party leaders. The results show that there are comparatively few gender differences in the personal qualities that voters rate as important, with the exception of British Labour's Neil Kinnock, who was rated more highly by men, and Bill-Clinton, who was rated more highly by women. However, what gender differences in leader evaluations that do exist are mediated by partisanship and views on economic performance. In both Australia and the United States, gender significantly affects the vote, but in opposite directions. The results suggest that gender may have a more important future role in elections in these three countries. GENDER, PARTY LEADERS, AND ELECTION OUTCOMES IN AUSTRALIA, BRITAIN, AND THE UNITED STATES BERNADETTE C. HAYES Queen's University of Belfast IAN McALLISTER University of Manchester Election outcomes in the advanced democracies have become increas- ingly contingent on the influence of political leaders in attracting the loyalties of voters. With the increasing influence of the electronic media during election campaigns, political leaders have come to symbolize partisan AUTHORS'NOTE: The 1993 Australian Election Study was conducted by Ian McAllister David Gow, Roger Jones, and David Denemark and funded by the Australian Research Council. The data are available from the Social Science Data Archive at the Australian National University. The 1992 British Election Study was collected by Anthony Heath, Roger Jowell, John Curtice, J. Brand, and J. Mitchell and funded by the Economic and Social Research Council. The data were made available by the ESRC Data Archive at the University of Essex. The 1992 American COMPARATIVE POLITICAL STUDIES, Vol. 30 No. 1, February 1997 3-26 @D 1997 Sage Publications, Inc. 3 from the SAGE Social Science Collections. All Rights Reserved.

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