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32 Canadian J. Criminology 41 (1990)
Crime Displacement and Situational Prevention: Toward the Development of Some Principles

handle is hein.journals/cjccj32 and id is 45 raw text is: Crime Displacement and Situational Prevention: Toward the Development of Some Principles' THOMAS GABOR DEPARTMENT OF CRIMINOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF OTTAWA OTTAWA, ONTARIO L'article prsente un aperqu gdnrral de la question du drplacement de la cdminalit6. I1 examine les faits et explore le drbat entre les tenants et les critiques de la prevention ponctuelle. Il se penche aussi sur les questions thdoriques et mrthodologiques connexes au drplacement. Il conclut en formulant certains principes destinrs A guider chercheurs et drcisionnaires. This article provides an overview of the issue of crime displacement. The evidence pertaining to displacement is reviewed and the debate between situ- ational prevention advocates and critics is explored. The theoretical and meth- odological issues relevant to crime displacement are also addressed. The paper concludes with some principles to guide researchers and policy-makers. Over two thousand years ago, the Greek mathematician Archimedes established, as one of his principles of hydrostatics, that an object, when placed in water or other liquid, displaces a volume of water equal to the volume of that object. Since that time this notion of equilibrium has been applied to many fields. In the field of physics, there was the law of conservation of mass; the idea that energy can be transformed but not eliminated. The field of psychology was for many years dominated by those who posited that human behaviour was energized principally by instincts or drives. Aggression was regarded by psychoanalysts as hav- ing an instinctual base (Freud, 1923) and by others as rooted in frustrat- ing events (Dollard et al., 1939). The implications of instinct-based and drive theories was that a person motivated to commit an aggressive act would need to fulfill that act to restore a form of equilibrium. If suitable targets of aggression were removed, the organism would strive to find other targets to satiate the aggressive drive. Sociologists, too, have tended to view human behaviour in a mech- anistic fashion. Adverse social conditions, such as poverty, prejudice,

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