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4 Critical Analysis L. 1 (2017)

handle is hein.journals/cclaysolw4 and id is 1 raw text is: 







Making Modern Criminal Law

Theory: Reflections on Farmer


Vincent Chiao*

Abstract
       This brief review essay is devoted to a discussion of Lindsay Farmer's recent book,
       Making the Modern Criminal Law. I focus on the following themes: a formal and material
       interpretation of criminal law in facilitating civil order; the relation between criminal
       law's history and its justification; and the idea that the criminal law forms a sufficiently
       cohesive and distinctive body of law that it makes sense to ascribe moral principles to it that
       we would not be prepared to ascribe to public institutions, and public law, more generally.



As has often been observed, it can be a difficult thing to write a critical essay in response
to a book that one admires. So it is in this case. Lindsay Farmer's Making the Modern Crimi-
nal Lahr: Criminalization and Civil Order (2016) is a novel, erudite and wide-ranging
rethinking of the field of criminal law theory. As is typical of Farmer's work, his contribu-
tion  manages  to  be  fundamental,  raising      challenges to   basic presuppositions of
contemporary  criminal law theory, while also attentive to the fine-grained nuances of how
the criminal law has been subtly and overtly transformed by courts, legislatures, treatise
writers and theorists.
       As  I find myself in the position of having learned from much of the book, and be-
ing in agreement with most  of the rest, there may not be much left over for productive
disputation. In particular, I am fully onside with Farmer's insistence that normative theo-
rizing about the criminal law should take into account its institutional character, and that
an important part of this institutional character has to do with the criminal law's role in
securing the conditions of what Farmer calls civil order. I also agree with Farmer that
much   contemporary  theorizing about the criminal law-including   the main topic ad-
dressed in this book, criminalization-has instead operated as if the criminal law were
simply moral philosophy in disguise. Often, criminal law theory seems to give the impres-
sion that once one has satisfied oneself about the interpersonal morality of, say, property
or sexual autonomy, or the nature of moral responsibility, the only remaining question is
how  to operationalize those concepts in positive law, with occasional accommodations
made  for practical or administrative concerns.' I find Farmer's skepticism about this

Associate Professor, University of Toronto, Faculty of Law.
1 Two otherwise quite different examples of this tendency can be found in Michael Moore, Placing Blame:
A  General Theory of the Criminal Law (1997), and Victor Tadros, The Ends of Harm: The Moral
Foundations of Criminal Law (2011).

ISSN 2291-9732

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