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26 Cardozo Arts & Ent. L.J. 335 (2008-2009)
Three-Dimensional Objects as Marks: Does a Dark Shadow Loom over Trademark Theory

handle is hein.journals/caelj26 and id is 339 raw text is: THREE-DIMENSIONAL OBJECTS AS MARKS:

DOES A DARK SHADOW LOOM OVER TRADEMARK
THEORY?*°
AMIR H. KHOURY*
INTRO  DUCTION   ............................................................................. 336
I. THE DOCTRINAL DIMENSION .................................................... 336
II. THE NORMATIVE DIMENSION ................................................... 342
A .  On  Becoming  M arks ....................................................... 343
B. Distinctiveness Versus Functionality ................................ 346
C. Perspectives from Different Domains: Private, Public,
&   the  P ublic ................................................................. 351
D. Trademark Rights and Competing Social Values .............. 356
E. The Mutual Exclusivity of Intellectual Property Laws ....... 360
F. Assessing the Normative Analysis ..................................... 363
III. FROM THEORY TO PRACTICE: THE SHADOw TEST. ............... 365
C O N CLU SIO N  ................................................................................ 366
* Permission is hereby granted for noncommercial reproduction of this work in whole or
in part for education or research purposes, including the making of multiple copies for
classroom use, subject only to the condition that the name of the author, a complete cita-
tion, and this copyright notice and grant of permission be included in all copies.
0 My sincere thanks to Amir Friedman, Hanoch Dagan, and Ariel Porat for their signifi-
cant input during the initial stages of this research.
Lecturer, Faculty of Law, Tel Aviv University. © 2008 Amir H. Khoury.

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