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3 Crime & Delinquency 1 (1957)

handle is hein.journals/cadq3 and id is 1 raw text is: . NPPA NATIONAL PROBATION AND PAROLE ASSOCIATION Journal Volume 3 January 1957 Number 1 Female Criminality WALTER C. RECKLESS School of Social Administration, Ohio State University T HE total picture of crime involve- ment for any category of person, whether male, female, young, old, white, colored, married, single, upper class, lower class, is revealed by the role of the victim of the criminal ag- gression, the role of the instigator, the role of the companion (or companions) in the deed, and the role of the doer. The companion role is really part of the doer's act. The doer's behavior and the instigator's contribution together represent the output of crime involve- ment for any aggregate of persons, while the victim's role is the input of involvement. Total Crime Involvement The total crime involvement of any group does not imply that the same individuals are victims, instigators, and doers. Most crime is object- or other-centered; the chances are very much against any individual's being victim and doer combined (except in suicide, drug addiction, alcoholism, and starvation, all of which have an element of self-destruction). In some instances, the victim plays his or her role in such a way as to instigate the doer; usually, however, the instigator and the victim are separate individuals just as the victim and the doer are. Except for some fugitive observa- tions about certain categories of individuals who, more than other cate- gories, seem to be victimized by doers and instigators, very little is known about victim proneness.' And very little is known about the instigator of criminal activity as distinct from the doer. Most of our knowledge in the study of criminology concerns the doer, because the criminal and penal law has been almost exclusively doer- centered. 'See Hans von Hentig, The Criminal and His Victim, New Haven, Yale University Press, 1948; B. Mendelsohn, The Victimol- ogy, Ptudes Internationales de Psycho- Sociologie Criminelle, Paris, July-Septem- ber, 1956, pp. 4-36. 1 pp. 1-96 reprinted with permission by

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