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98 B.U. L. Rev. Online 1 (2018)

handle is hein.journals/bulron98 and id is 1 raw text is: HOPE AND FEAR FOR DEMOCRACY IN AMERICA
DANIEL MARKOVITS
The familiar saying money is power carries two meanings: one is common
in the United States today; the other less so.
The common meaning asserts that money buys power and therefore that
economic inequality tends towards, or causes, political inequality. According to
this idea, the rich can use their income and wealth to pay lobbyists and influence
legislation, to subsidize political campaigns and influence elections, and even to
buy publicity and influence public opinion. In the limit case, the rich deploy
these and other related methods to monopolize political power. Political
scientists increasingly document that the limit case is not just possible, but
becoming actual.
The uncommon meaning asserts, directly, that money is power, and therefore
that no contingent causes are required to connect economic and political
inequality. This idea begins by reflecting on the nature of money.' Imagine, the
idea proposes, that a society distributes goods and services using an array of
vouchers that name specific items (as when wartime rationing boards issued
coupons for one pound of butter, for example, or one pint of milk) and
requires anyone who wishes to have one of these items to give over an
appropriate coupon, sending government agents to deploy force against those
who attempt to get an item without one. The vouchers, in this system, are not
properly understood as things at all. Rather, they administer an accounting
system that keeps track of and controls people, specifically regarding what
things people may have or use. The vouchers, that is, constitute relations of
constraint. Moreover, money is simply an abstract and generalized version of
this voucher system: A $20 bill is just a voucher that permits its bearer to
consume any disjunction of conjunctions of goods and services that cost less
than $20. Money, therefore, is no more a thing that the vouchers would be.
Rather-again, just like the vouchers-money is an accounting system that
constitutes relations of constraint. Money, in other words, is power. To deny this
is to fall into commodity fetishism, in the classic sense of misconstruing
relations of constraint as things.
The common and uncommon understandings of the connection between
economic and political inequality carry very different ideological valences. In
this sense, also, the first view falls inside, and the second outside, the normal
range of contemporary U.S.-American political discourse.
1 The discussion below follows G.A. Cohen, Back to Socialist Basics, NEW LEFT REVIEW
1/207, at 3-16 (September-October 1994).
1

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