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1 Bull. Comm'n Study Org. Peace 1 (1940-1941)

handle is hein.journals/bltcmsy1 and id is 1 raw text is: Bulletin of the
COMMISSION TO STUDY THE ORGANIZATION OF PEACE
8 WEST FORTIETH STREET
New York, New York
JAMES T. SHOTWELL. Chairman  WILLIAM ALLAN NEILSON, Chairman Executive Committee  CLARK M. EICHELBERGER, D'rector
This bulletin will symmarize, or carry in full whenever possible, the various unofficial sug-
gestions from groups and individuals in other countries for the future organization of peace.
This material is available to the members of the Commission and to associated study groups.
NO. I                                                        March 6, 1940
The following Survey is the first of a new War-Time Series which
the International Consultative Group is preparing in Conference with
other memb~rs of the international community at Geneva. It does not
necessarily represent the views of the Commission to Study the Organi-
zation of Peace.
REFLECTIONS ON THE POLITICAL CAUSES
OF TAE PEACE FAILURE 1919-59.
Introductory.
The following Survey does not pretend to summarize.the political history of
the last twenty years. Still loss is it concerned with assessing responsibility for
the outbreak of war. It is the work of a group of man and women who would, without
exception, regrd war as an inevitable product of international lawlessness. These
men and Women are not concerned with the immediate causes of the outbreak of war in
Europe in 1939; the problem for them is why has the international organisation
created twenty years ago ended in failure?
In considering the events of the last twenty years in order to find some answer
to their questioning, they have endeavoured not to overstress those incidents of for-
tune that, while sometimes of decisive importance, were not deep-rooted; they have
tried rather to confine themselves to those factors that in their judgaent were
fundamental. As regards the League of Nations thay would feel compelled to share the
view that misfortune rather than good luck has attended this institution.
A further limitation to the present Survey has been self-imposed. No account
is taken here of economic causas of the breakdown of the peace settlement - not be-
cause their importance is underra.ted, - but because a separate Survey on that aspect
of the problem will shortly be issued as a companion to this one.
The Peace Settlement.
Any attempt to assess the main factors in the history of the last twenty years
must start from the Peace Conference of Paris. The international institutions that
were created by that Conference introduced entirely new standards into the world of
international politics. The Covenant implied a new political morality, the substi-
tution of responsibility for Dower; it predicated a settlement which all were more
concerned to preserve than to destroy. But the same Conference that drafted the

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