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48 Antitrust Bull. 689 (2003)
Deterrent Effects of National Anticartel Laws: Evidence from International Vitamins Cartel

handle is hein.journals/antibull48 and id is 697 raw text is: The Antitrust Bulletin/Fall 2003 The deterrent effects of national anticartel laws: evidence from the international vitamins cartel BY JULIAN L. CLARKE* and SIMON J. EVENETT** I. Introduction During the 1990s the European Commission and the United States Department of Justice between them prosecuted over 40 cartels that involved private firms and whose effects went beyond national borders. These private international cartels were found in a wide range of products-from citric acid, vitamins, newsprint, and fax paper to shipping and chemicals such as aluminium phosphide and * Research Fellow at the World Trade Institute, Bern, Switzerland. ** Director of Economic Research at the World Trade Institute, Bern, Switzerland. AUTHORS' NOTE: We would like to thank contibutors at the conference in honor of Dean Sullivan for their comments and suggestions. In particu- lar, we would like to thank our two discussants, Andrew Guzman and Thomas Kauper, as well as Mark Ramseyer and Mark Warner. We also received helpful comments from Ric Bond, Colin Kirkpatrick, Kala Krishna, Will Martin, Stephen Redding, and Daniel Traca when earlier versions of this article were presented at the European Trade Study Group and at the University of Manchester. We would also like to thank Lucian Cernat and Hassan Qaqaya for their comments on an earlier draft of this article. All remaining errors are the authors' own. © 2003 by Federal Legal Publications, Inc.

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