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18 Alaska Just. F. 1 (2001-2002)

handle is hein.journals/aljufor18 and id is 1 raw text is: ALASKA JUSTICE FORUM A Publication of the Alaska Justice Justice Center Statistical Analysis Unit Spring 2001 UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA ANCHORAGE Vol. 18, No.1 Hate Crimes: An Overview of Numbers and Statutes The current discussion of hate or bias crimes and hate crime legislation in Alaska seems to require an examination of the figures on these types of incidents both here and in the country as a whole, as well as a review of the status of existing laws, both federal and state. In reality, for Alaska it is impossible accurately to assemble anything approaching comprehensive or solid figures on criminal incidents exhibiting racial, ethnic, religious or other types of bias. While the FBI assembles data on bias incidents from law enforcement agencies throughout the country, in Alaska only the Anchorage Police Department participates in this reporting program. The figures from APD seem to be the only systematically assembled numbers in the state. These show that, for the most part, relatively few incidents showing bias are being reported in the Anchorage area. Assembly of Data The FBI is the primary source for national figures on hate or bias offenses. Since 1990 the agency has assembled figures from law enforcement agencies throughout the country and released a summary compilation under the title Hate Crime Statistics. Tables 1-3 show data from the 1999 edition of this publication. Participation in this FBI reporting program is voluntary for police departments. Nationwide, over 12,000 law enforcement agencies, representing approximately 85 per cent of the total population, submitted summary reports for 1999. However, many participating agencies submitted reports HIGHLIGHTS INSIDE THIS ISSUE An examination of prison populations in 2000 (page 2). A look at incidents reflecting bias in Anchorage, 1999 (page 3). which claimed the occurrence of no incidents showing a bias motivation. In fact, only 15 per cent of the participating agencies reported the occurrence of any hate crime incidents. (Among those law enforcement agencies reporting no incidents were police Please see Hate Crimes, page 5 Table 1. Hate Crime Incidents in the U.S. by Bias Motivation, 1999 Known Bias motivation Single-bias incidents Race Anti-white Anti-black Anti-American Indian/Alaska Native Anti-Asian/Pacific Islander Anti-multiracial group Religion Anti-Jewish Anti-Catholic Anti-Protestant Anti-Islamic Anti-other religious group Anti-multi-religious group Anti-atheism/agnosticism/etc. Sexual orientation Anti-male homosexual Anti-female homosexual Anti-homosexual Anti-heterosexual Anti-bisexual Ethnicity/national origin Anti-Hispanic Anti-other ethnicity/national origin Disability Anti-physical disability Anti-mental disability Multiple-bias incidents3 Total incidents 7,81 Incidents Offenses Victims' offenders2 7,871 9,291 9,792 7,265 4,295 781 2,958 47 298 211 1,411 1,109 36 48 32 151 31 4 1,317 915 187 178 14 23 5,240 970 3,542 49 363 316 1,532 1,198 41 49 34 170 35 5 1,487 1,025 216 205 16 25 829 1,011 466 576 363 435 19 10 9 21 11 10 5,485 996 3,679 50 379 381 1,686 1,289 41 50 34 221 46 5 1,558 1,070 231 216 16 25 1,040 588 452 23 13 10 4,362 1,011 2,861 40 288 162 602 429 18 19 14 98 21 3 1,376 1,043 150 154 15 14 904 562 342 21 9 12 5 10 10 6 76 9,301 9,802 7,271 1 The term victim may refer to a person, business, institution, or society as a whole. 2 The term known offender does not imply that the identity of the suspect is known, but only that an attribute of the suspect is identified which distinguishes him/her from an unknown offender. 3 A multiple-bias incident is any hate crime incident in which one or more of the offenses were committed as a result of two or more bias motivations. Source: Federal Bureau of Investigation, Hate Crime Statistics, 1999

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