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2019 JTHE 87 (2019)
Q&A - The Nexus between Conflict-Related Sexual Violence and Human Trafficking during Peacekeeping Missions: An Insider's View

handle is hein.journals/jthe3 and id is 95 raw text is: JOURNAL OF TRAFFICKING AND HUMAN EXPLOITATION; VOL. 3, NR. 1, 87-94, PARIS LEGAL PUBLISHERS 02019 Q & A - The nexus between conflict-related sexual violence and human trafficking during peacekeeping missions: An insider's view Patrick Cammaert* Major General (ret) i. Introduction One of the key areas related to sexual violence in conflict, including human trafficking, is the prevention of these crimes. Peacekeepers in complex peace- keeping missions are confronted on a daily basis with atrocities in (post) conflict. How do they deal with situations of sexual violence in conflict, including traf- ficking cases, and what can they do to prevent these crimes while on the ground? Patrick Cammaert discusses from extensive and first-hand military experience how he perceives both crimes and how he thinks that Peacekeeping missions can best prevent CRSV and trafficking: by being proactive, collecting intelligence for early warning and acting upon it and by ensuring a better gender balance in peacekeeping personnel. 2. Can you elaborate on what you consider to be the similarities and differ- ences between human trafficking and sexual violence in conflict, if any? There are two different reasons that link conflict-related sexual violence to human trafficking. One is international terrorism. Since a couple of years ago, we see the nature of conflict changing. Conflicts are generally no longer between states, or interstate, but more intrastate, with dissident soldiers, militia's or rebels fighting the government and each other. Nowadays Jihad groups or other extremist groups are joining these actors and are operating in various parts of the world. So, we are faced with a different threat - a threat of impro- vised explosive devices, roadside bombs, suicide bombs - and we have never seen that in peacekeeping before, but we see it now, for example in Mali. These conflicts result in an increase of conflict-related sexual violence. The second reason for the changing nature of conflict is because of trafficking itself. Not only drugs trafficking, but in particular human trafficking, in particular women and girls. Men and boys are also victims of trafficking for instance in Libya, where people who want to cross the Mediterranean are picked up and brought back and end up becoming slaves. But there is no immediate link to sexual vio- lence. When we talk about human trafficking ofwomen and girls, an immediate link to sexual violence does exist. Many times, those girls and women are not used for help in the household or cleaning the house. They end up in prostitu- * DOI 10.7590/2452277l9X15476235o96553 2452-2775 2019 Journal ofTrafficking and Human Exploitation Journal ofTrafficking and Human Exploitation 2019-1 87

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