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2019 JTHE 9 (2019)
The Nexus between Conflict-Related Sexual Violence and Trafficking for Sexual Exploitation in Times of Conflict

handle is hein.journals/jthe3 and id is 17 raw text is: JOURNAL OF TRAFFICKING AND HUMAN EXPLOITATION; VOL. 3, NR. 1, 9-33, PARIS LEGAL PUBLISHERS 0 2019 The nexus between conflict-related sexual violence and trafficking for sexual exploitation in times of conflict Rina Ghafoerkhan Equator Foundation, Arq Psychotrauma Expert Group; Utrecht University Willem Scholte Equator Foundation, Arq Psychotrauma Expert Group; Amsterdam UMC, University ofAmsterdam Eefje de Volder Impact: Center against Human Trafficking and Sexual Violence in Conflict Anne-Marie de Brouwer* Impact: Center against Human Trafficking and Sexual Violence in Conflict Abstract In its 2018 report on conflict-related sexual violence' the UN Secre- tary-General reiterated the importance ofaddressing the nexus between conflict-related sexual violence and trafficking in human beings for purposes of sexual exploitation in conflict. In this article we will explore this nexus from a psychological and a legal point ofview. During conflict the climate ofimpunity and the extreme contrast between the mighty and the powerless offers an optimal setting and inevitable ground for sexual violence. In general, but in particular during conflict, being victimized by sexual violence once can put individuals at risk for similar or other forms of sexual re-victimization. For the victim who endured sexual violence, context hardly matters for its psychological impact. Therefore, in accordance with the UN Secretary-General report, from a psychological view there is no justification for a clear-cut distinction between conflict-related sexual violence and trafficking in human beings for purposes of sexual exploitation in conflict. Yet, from a legal perspective, this differentiation does matter the legal definitions form the basis for the prosecution ofperpetrators on the one hand and for access to particular rights for victims on the other. This article should be seen as afirst exploration into the nexus between both crimes, when it comes to the impact on the lives of the victims/survivors, the definition of the crimes, and the resulting access to rights for victims/survivors of these crimes. * DOI 10.7590/2452277l9X15476235o96517 2452-2775 2019 Journal ofTrafficking and Human Exploitation UN Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General on Conflict-Related Sexual Violence (S/2018/250), 23 March 2018. Journal of Trafficking and Human Exploitation 2019-1

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