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2019 JTHE 179 (2019)
The Neglected Boys of War: Trapped in a Vicious Cycle of Slavery and Sexual Abuse

handle is hein.journals/jthe3 and id is 187 raw text is: JOURNAL OF TRAFFICKING AND HUMAN EXPLOITATION; VOL. 3, NR. 1,179-203, PARIS LEGAL PUBLISHERS ( 2019 The Neglected Boys of War: Trapped in a Vicious Cycle of Slavery and Sexual Abuse Rabia Akhtar* Human rights expert Abstract Sexual exploitation ofchildren is one ofthe most pervasive human rights violations in the world. Sex trafficking has become one of the most profitable international crimes. The victims of sex trafficking are often induced into slavery under false pretenses, sold by family members or guardians, kidnapping and abduc- tions, or debt bondage. At international level, more attention has been paid to conflict-related sexual vio- lence against women and girls than to the issue of sexual violence against men and boys. The 2018 Global Slavery Index ranks Afghanistan among the top i0 countries in the world with the highest prevalence of modern slavery'. This paper examines the phenomenon, aform ofsex slavery ofyoung, vulnerable boys in Afghanistan. Bacha Bazi is a grossly underreported and the least prosecuted crime in Afghanistan. This article shows how the protracted armed confict in Afghanistan has increased the vulnerability of adolescent boys to sex trafficking in the form of Backa Bazi. The analysis will include the evolution of Backa Bazi into a systematic war tactic by both parties in the conflict. 1. Introduction The myriad forms of sexual violence constitute gender-based human rights violations. There is no standalone international legal treaty or instrument on sexual violence. However, this phenomenon has been addressed * DOI 10.7590/2452277l9X15476235o96607 2452-2775 2019 Journal ofTrafficking and Human Exploitation Rabia Akhtar, a human rights expert with over lo years' experience in policy analysis, assess- ments, program design and management in Pakistan and Afghanistan. She has a Masters in International Human Rights Law from the University of Oxford. Walk Free Foundation, The Global Slavery Index 2018 Report (2018). Journal of Trafficking and Human Exploitation 2019-1 179

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