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GAO-06-157R 1 (2005-10-11)

handle is hein.gao/gaocrptasfj0001 and id is 1 raw text is: SGAO Accountability * Integrity Reliability United States Government Accountability Office Washington, DC 20548 October 11, 2005 The Honorable Saxby Chambliss Chairman The Honorable Tom Harkin Ranking Democratic Member Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry United States Senate The Honorable Thad Cochran United States Senate The Honorable Richard J. Durbin United States Senate Subject: Mad Cow Disease: An Evaluation of a Small Feed Testing Program FDA Implemented in 2003 With Recommendations for Making the Program a Better Oversight Tool In 1997, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) banned the use of most proteins derived from mammals (referred to as prohibited material) in feed intended for cattle and other ruminants.! The feed-ban rule is one of the primary actions taken by the federal government to protect U.S. cattle from bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE),2 commonly known as mad cow disease, which is believed to be spread through feed that contains malformed protein found in certain tissue-particularly brain and central nervous system tissue-of BSE-infected animals. Earlier this year, mad cow disease was found for the first time in a 12-year old animal born and raised in the United States. In January 2002, we reported on the effectiveness of federal actions to prevent the introduction and spread of BSE in the United States and identified a number of areas where improvements were needed to strengthen FDA's oversight of firms in the feed 'Ruminants are animals with four-chambered stomachs, including, but not limited to, cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats, deer, elk, and antelope. For the purpose of this report, cattle refers to cattle and all other ruminant animals and cattle feed refers to feed for cattle and other ruminant animals. 221 C.F.R. §589.2000. 3Adding protein (derived from animals or plants) to feed is a common nutritional practice used to speed animal growth. GAO-06-157R FDA Feed Testing Program

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