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B-332934 Feb 12, 2021 1 (2021-02-12)

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                     m1O     o     U.S. GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE
                                   A Century of Non-Partisan Fact-Based Work
441 G St. N.W.
Washington, DC  20548


B-332934


February 12, 2021

The Honorable  Maria Cantwell
Chairman
The Honorable  Roger Wicker
Ranking Member
Committee  on Commerce,  Science, and Transportation
United States Senate

The Honorable  Peter A. DeFazio
Chairman
The Honorable Sam  Graves
Ranking Member
Committee  on Transportation and Infrastructure
House  of Representatives

Subject: Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration: Civil
         Penalties

Pursuant to section 801(a)(2)(A) of title 5, United States Code, this is our report on a major rule
promulgated by the Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety
Administration (NHTSA) entitled Civil Penalties (RIN: 2127-AM32). We received the rule on
January 28, 2021. It was published in the Federal Register as an interim final rule; request for
comments;  and response to petition for rulemaking on January 14, 2021. 86 Fed. Reg. 3016.
The stated effective date of the rule is January 14, 2021.

According to NHTSA, this interim final rule responds to a petition for rulemaking regarding when
to apply an increase to the civil penalty rate applicable to automobile manufacturers that fail to
meet applicable corporate average fuel economy standards and are unable to offset such a
deficit with compliance credits. NHTSA states this rule provides that the increase will go into
effect beginning in model year 2022 in accordance with NHTSA's December 2016 rule on the
same  issue, except if the August 31, 2020, decision of the United States Court of Appeals for
the Second Circuit in Case Number 19-2395 is vacated. New York v. Nat'l Highway Traffic
Safety Admin., 974 F.3d 87 (2d Cir. 2020). According to NHTSA, this interim final rule amends
the relevant regulatory text accordingly and requests comment. NHTSA states that this rule
also responds to a petition for reconsideration of NHTSA's July 2019 rule from the Institute for
Policy Integrity at New York University School of Law.

The Congressional Review Act (CRA)  requires a 60-day delay in the effective date of a major
rule from the date of publication in the Federal Register or receipt of the rule by Congress,
whichever is later. 5 U.S.C. § 801(a)(3)(A). The 60-day delay in effective date can be waived,
however, if the agency finds for good cause that delay is impracticable, unnecessary, or
contrary to the public interest, and the agency incorporates a statement of the findings and its
reasons in the rule issued. 5 U.S.C. §§ 553(b)(3)(B), 808(2). NHTSA found that good cause

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