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GAO-21-47R 1 (2020-11-19)

handle is hein.gao/gaobaecaa0001 and id is 1 raw text is: U.S. GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE 441 G St. N.W. Washington, DC 20548 November 19, 2020 The Honorable Jeff Fortenberry Ranking Member Subcommittee on Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies Committee on Appropriations House of Representatives Global Food Security: Information on Spending and Types of Assistance Provided by the United States and Other Donors Dear Mr. Fortenberry: In 2020, the United Nations (UN) reported that nearly 690 million people in the world were undernourished.1 According to this reporting, the number of undernourished people has increased by 60 million since 2014. Stunting-a condition where children are too short for their age due to poor nutrition in-utero and in early childhood-affected more than 140 million children under the age of 5 around the world in 2019.2 The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID- 19) pandemic is expected to worsen food insecurity levels around the world. In April 2020, the International Food Policy Research Institute estimated that, absent interventions, more than 140 million additional people around the world could fall into extreme poverty in 2020, which would exacerbate global food insecurity. UN projections indicate that 83 million to 132 million people could become undernourished in 2020 as a result of the pandemic. The U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) has reported that COVID-19's effects on emerging economies could increase emergency food assistance needs by 25 percent. You asked us to describe global food security assistance from the United States and other countries and organizations. This report examines the amount and types of food security assistance that the United States and other donors have provided globally from 2014 through 2018.3 1Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), World Food Program (WFP), and World Health Organization (WHO), The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World: Transforming Food Systems for Affordable Healthy Diets (Rome: 2020). This report uses the prevalence of undernourishment metric, which is an estimate of the proportion of the population that lacks enough dietary energy for a healthy, active life. 2UNICEF, WHO, and World Bank Group, Levels and Trends in Child Malnutrition (Washington, D.C.: March 2020). 3At the time of our analysis, calendar year 2018 was the latest year for which data were available. Additionally, at the time of this review, GAO was examining U.S. efforts to assess the progress of Feed the Future-the U.S. government's interagency effort to coordinate nonemergency food security assistance-toward sustainably reducing poverty, hunger, and malnutrition. GAO-21-47R Global Food Security Page 1

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