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GAO-12-725R 1 (2012-06-29)

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         Accountability * Integrity * Reliability
United States Government Accountability Office
Washington, DC 20548


June 29, 2012

Congressional Committees

Subject: Navy Training: Observations on the Navy's Use of Live and Simulated Training

The Department of Defense uses live training, simulators, and other virtual training devices to
prepare its forces to conduct military operations. Virtual training can help the services mitigate
obstacles to training, such as the high cost of conducting live training or range access issues,
while allowing military personnel to replicate many of the interactions and procedures they may
encounter on the battlefield. In an effort to achieve greater efficiency, maximize training
opportunities, and potentially reduce training costs, each military service is in various stages of
developing concepts and training programs that mix live and synthetic training (which is how the
Navy typically refers to training that relies significantly on simulators or virtual training devices).1
The Navy, in particular, believes that effective training requires an efficient balance of live and
synthetic approaches.


H.R. Rep. No. 112-78 (2011), which accompanied a bill for the National Defense Authorization
Act for Fiscal Year 2012, directed GAO to review the status of the military services' training
programs and report the results to the House and Senate Armed Services committees. It also
stated that in reporting on each of the services, we may take a phased approach in undertaking
our review and reporting to the Senate and House Armed Services committees.2 This Navy
review is the first engagement in our phased approach, and an Air Force review is also
underway. For this review, we assessed (1) the principles the Navy considers in determining
whether to use live or synthetic training to meet its training requirements, (2) how the Navy's mix


1 For the purposes of this report, simulators will be used to describe specific devices that mimic actual equipment,
such as a flight simulator, while synthetic training will refer to any training that takes place in a virtual environment.
2 H.R. Rep. No. 112-78 (2011), which accompanied H.R. 1540, a bill for the National Defense Authorization Act for
Fiscal Year 2012.


GAO-12-725R Navy Training


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