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DOCUMENT I!SUME
07678 - (C18J i) (Restricted) 7--
Reuse of Municipal Wastewater and Development of New Technology:
Emphasis and Direction Needed. CED-78-177; B-166506. November
13, 1978. 35 pp. + 2 appendices (4 pp.).
Report to Rep. Don H. Clauses, Rankiag Minority member, souse
Committee on Public Works and Transportation: later kesources
Subcommittee; by Elmer B. Staats, Comptroller General.
Iss-ae Area: Environmental Protection Programs: Federal Ccntrols
Over Wastewater Treatrent Constructicn Grant Funds (2202);
Science and Technology: Applying Science and Technology to
State and Local Government Problems (2006).
contact: Community and Economic Development Div.
Budget Function: Natural Resources, Invironment, and Energy:
Pollution Control and Abatement (304).
Orqnization Concerned: Environmental Protection Agency.
Congressional Relevance: Pouse Committee on Public Works and
Transportation: Water Resources Subcommittee. Rep. Con H.
Clausen.
Authority: Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended (33
U.S.C. 1251). Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments
of 1956 (P.L. 84-660). Federal later Pollution Ccnticl Act
Amendments rof] 1972 (P.L. 92-500). Clean Pater Act of 1977
(P.L. 95-217). Clean Water Act Amendments (of] 1977. P.L.
94-447. P.L. 95-26. P.L. 95-240.
The Clean Water Act of 1977 requires that alternative
wastewater treatment methods, including land apilication, must
be evaluated during facilities planning before an agency grant
is made for a vastewater treatment plant. Findings/Conclusiono:
Even though new technologies for the treatment and rei'se of
wastewater are available, they have nct been used eatensively
because: they provide treatment levels higher than needed to
meet requirements; some are uore costly than conventional
methods; and program participants are unwilling to risk failure.
Land applic:- ion could provide benefits such as eliminating
point discharqes tc surface waters, higher levels of treatment
than provided by conventional secondary methods, and
replenishment of grcundvater. However, it has not been widely
used because of stringent State pretreatment requirements,
limited technical and health effects information, and
unavailability of suitable land. Recycled wastewater may be used
for several industrial, municipal, and recreaticnal juricses.
However, only a few wastewater reuse projects hav been funded
because the uwq' of reclaimed wastewater is generally not cost
effective aV concerns over recycled wastewter discourage
potential -sirs. There is no clear Environmental Protection
aqency (EPA) policy on the funding of wvatswater reclamation.
Recommendations: The EPA should promote the acceptance and use
of newly developed technologies in wa*tewater treatment
prolects. The Administrator, EPA, thould: designate a central](ViewImageLocal?handle=hein.gao/gaobaayft0001&div=1&collection=&method=preview&ext=.png&size=3)