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GAO-11-786R 1 (2011-07-19)

handle is hein.gao/gaobaanzg0001 and id is 1 raw text is: GAO Acona ity * Integrity * Reliability United States Government Accountability Office Washington, DC 20548 July 19, 2011 Congressional Committees Subject: Pakistan Assistance: Relatively Little of the $3 Billion in Requested Assistance Is Subject to State's Certification of Pakistan's Progress on Nonproliferation and Counterterrorism Issues Pakistan is central to U.S. efforts to disrupt, dismantle, and defeat al Qaeda and deny its resurgence in the Afghanistan-Pakistan region. The United States has sought to secure these interests through counterterrorism and counterinsurgency cooperation, as well as through a long-term partnership anchored, in part, by increased civilian and military assistance. Since fiscal year 2002, the U.S. government has provided the Pakistani government almost $21 billion in assistance and reimbursements toward these goals.' However, al Qaeda and other terrorists and violent extremists continue to promote instability and use safe havens in Pakistan's western border region to plan and train for attacks against U.S. interests.2 At the same time, the United States continues to be concerned with the ongoing effect of A. Q. Khan's illicit transfer of nuclear technology to Iran, North Korea, and Libya.' To address these and other concerns, in October 2009, Congress enacted the Enhanced Partnership with Pakistan Act of 2009,4 which, among other things, limits certain security-related assistance to Pakistan each fiscal year from 2011 through 2014. Before the United States can provide security-related assistance to Pakistan in each of those fiscal years, the Secretary of State must certify that Pakistan continues to cooperate with the United States on dismantling nuclear networks, Pakistan demonstrated a sustained commitment to and made significant efforts toward combating terrorism in the preceding fiscal year, and Pakistan's security forces are not subverting the political and judicial processes of Pakistan. The Act also allows the Secretary of State, under the direction of the President, to waive the limitations on security-related assistance if the 1The $21 billion amount includes about $12 billion in U.S. assistance and about $9 billion in reimbursements for Pakistan's counterterrorism efforts in direct support of U.S. military operations. 2See the recent GAO report on terrorist safe havens: GAO, Combating Terrorism: U.S. Government Should Improve Its Reporting on Terrorist Safe Havens, GAO-11-561 (Washington, D.C.: June 3, 2011). 3Between the mid-1980s and 2004, A.Q. Khan, a Pakistani nuclear scientist, used an international supplier network to illicitly provide equipment and knowledge needed to enrich uranium for nuclear weapons. 4Pub. L. No. 111-73, 123 Stat. 2060 (Oct. 15, 2009), hereafter referred to as the Enhanced Partnership Act or the Act. 1 GAO-1 1-786R Pakistan Assistance

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