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GAO-11-135R 1 (2010-11-16)

handle is hein.gao/gaobaanvk0001 and id is 1 raw text is: i ~G A 0 A ontabilty I Integrity * Reliability United States Government Accountability Office Washington, DC 20548 November 16, 2010 The Honorable Jon Kyl Ranking Member Subcommittee on Terrorism and Homeland Security Committee on the Judiciary United States Senate The Honorable Russell D. Feingold United States Senate Subject: Export Controls: Agency Actions and Proposed Reform Initiatives May Address Previously Identified Weaknesses, but Challenges Remain Each year, billions of dollars in arms and dual-use items-items that have both commercial and military applications-are exported to U.S. allies and strategic partners.' To further national security, foreign policy, and economic interests, the U.S. government controls the export of these items. Over the past 10 years, we have reported on numerous weaknesses in the export control system, including poor coordination among the multiple agencies involved, which have led to jurisdictional disputes and enforcement challenges, and the lack of systematic assessment of the overall effectiveness of the export control system.2 As a result, since 2007 the arms and dual-use export control systems have been included as part of our high-risk area on ensuring the effective protection of technologies critical to U.S. national security interests. We have also called for a strategic reexamination of existing programs within the U.S. export control system to identify needed changes and ensure the advancement of U.S. interests. In August 2009, the President announced that he had directed a comprehensive review of the U.S. export control system and, in April 2010, proposed a framework under which the current system would be streamlined to include a single export control list, a single licensing agency, a single primary enforcement coordination agency, and a single information technology system. The Administration has since provided updates on its reform initiatives, announcing specific actions that are being implemented using a phased approach. 1 For the purposes of this report, the term arms refers to defense articles, defense services, and related technical data, as specified in 22 U.S.C. § 2778, and the term dual-use refers to items that have both commercial and military applications, such as high-performance computers, radars, and underwater television cameras. 2 See enclosure I for a list of these reports. GAO, High-Risk Series: An Update, GAO-09-271 (Washington, D.C.: January 2009). GAO-11-135R Export Controls

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