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GAO-09-951R 1 (2009-09-17)

handle is hein.gao/gaobaanpi0001 and id is 1 raw text is: i GA 0 - A bilty IIntegrity * Reliability United States Government Accountability Office Washington, DC 20548 September 17, 2009 The Honorable Charles B. Rangel Chairman Committee on Ways and Means House of Representatives The Honorable Jeff Flake House of Representatives The Honorable Barbara Lee House of Representatives Subject: U.S. Embargo on Cuba: Recent Regulatory Changes and Potential Presidential or Congressional Actions Since the early 1960s, the United States has maintained an embargo on Cuba through various laws, regulations, and presidential proclamations regarding trade, travel, and financial transactions. A stated purpose of the embargo-the most comprehensive set of U.S. economic sanctions on any country-is to deny hard currency to the Cuban government. The embargo, which the President has broad authority to modify, is implemented primarily by the Department of the Treasury (Treasury) through regulation of financial transactions with Cuba and by the Department of Commerce (Commerce) through regulation of the export of commodities, software, and technology to Cuba.' Modifications to the embargo by legislation and presidential policy directives in the 1990s and early 2000s alternately eased and tightened restrictions on travel, remittances,2 gifts, and exports to Cuba. In September 2009, responding to legislation passed in March and presidential policy directives issued in April, Treasury and Commerce published regulatory changes that further ease some embargo restrictions. 'The Department of Homeland Security (DHS), acting through U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, and the U.S. Coast Guard, also has a primary role in enforcing the embargo. For example, CBP enforces the Air Commerce Regulations (19 CFR Part 122.151 et seq.), which govern aircraft travel to Cuba, restricting it to certain points of arrival and departure under specified circumstances and conditions. The Coast Guard enforces the Unauthorized Entry Into Cuban Territorial Waters Regulations (UEC Regulations) (33 CFR Part 107), which restricts vessels traveling to Cuba. These Coast Guard regulations were issued under authority of Presidential Proclamation 6867 (Mar. 1, 1996) and Presidential Proclamation 7757 (Feb. 26, 2004). However, this report does not focus on enforcement of the embargo from the perspective of DHS or its component agencies. 2A remittance is a payment of money sent to a person in another place. Generally recognized forms of remittances include international transfers of funds sent by immigrants or migrant workers from the country where they live and work to individuals (typically family members) in the immigrants' or migrant workers' country of origin. GAO-09-951R U.S.Embargo on Cuba

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