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GAO-09-132R 1 (2008-12-08)

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T   E   IAccountability * Integrity * Reliability
United States Government Accountability Office
Washington, DC 20548


           December 8, 2008

           The Honorable Pete Stark
           Chairman
           Subcommittee on Health
           Committee on Ways and Means
           House of Representatives

           Subject: Medicare Advantage Organizations: Actual Expenses and Profits Compared to
                   Projections for 2006

           Dear Mr. Chairman:

           The federal government's spending on the Medicare Advantage (MA) program has grown
           substantially in recent years, from approximately $60 billion in 2006 and $77 billion in 2007 to
           an estimated $91 billion in 2008.' MA organizations provide health care coverage to Medicare
           beneficiaries through private health plans, thus offering an alternative to the original
           Medicare fee-for-service (FFS) program.2 Payments to MA organizations are, in part, based on
           the projected expenditures organizations submit in their bids for providing Medicare-covered
           services, as well as actual enrollment and beneficiary health status. Once Medicare payments
           are determined, they are not modified based on differences between actual and projected
           expenses.3 MA organizations are not required to submit claims data to the Centers for
           Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS)-the agency that administers Medicare-but they must
           report actual expenditures for the year 2 years prior to the upcoming contract year. For
           example, MA organizations reported their actual 2006 expenditures in their bid submission
           for contract year 2008. When MA organizations submit their bids, the actual expenditures
           reported in their bid submissions reflect the MA organizations' most recent full calendar year
           of actual expenditure data.




           'Statement of Peter R. Orszag, Congressional Budget Office, The Medicare Advantage Program:
           Enrollment Trends and Budgetary Effects, testimony before the Senate Committee on Finance,
           April 11, 2007.
           2Medicare is the federally financed health insurance program for persons aged 65 and over, certain
           individuals with disabilities, and individuals with end-stage renal disease. Medicare Part A covers
           hospital and other inpatient stays. Medicare Part B is optional insurance, and covers hospital
           outpatient, physician, and other services. Medicare Parts A and B are known as original Medicare or
           Medicare FFS. Medicare beneficiaries have the option of obtaining coverage for Medicare Parts A and
           B services from private health plans that participate in Medicare's MA program-also known as
           Medicare Part C. All Medicare beneficiaries are eligible for coverage for outpatient prescription drugs
           under Medicare Part D.
           3However, payments to MA organizations may be modified based on differences in actual and
           projected beneficiary health status, beneficiary residence, and enrollment. Actual expenses may be
           used to inform projections for future contract years.


GAO-09-132R Medicare Advantage Expenses

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