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GAO-02-707R 1 (2002-05-24)

handle is hein.gao/gaobaalzh0001 and id is 1 raw text is: i Accountability * Integrity * Reliability United States General Accounting Office Washington, DC 20548 May 24, 2002 The Honorable Henry J. Hyde Chairman The Honorable Tom Lantos Ranking Minority Member Committee on International Relations House of Representatives Subject: Issues in Implementing International Peace Operations Peacekeeping operations play an important role in advancing U.S. security interests. The operations attempt to maintain international security in locations such as the Congo, Sierra Leone, Kosovo, Bosnia, and most recently Afghanistan. Between fiscal years 1996 and 2001, we estimate that the United States provided $3.45 billion in direct contributions and $24.2 billion in voluntary or indirect contributions to 33 U.N. peacekeeping operations in these and other locations.1 In light of the substantial U.S. commitments to ongoing peace operations and the potentially high costs for new operations in Central Asia and elsewhere, in late January and early February 2002 we briefed staff from your committee and the Senate Foreign Relations Committee on our observations of three aspects of multidimensional peace operations: (1) negotiating and enforcing peace agreements; (2) using military force to create a secure environment in which a peace agreement can be implemented; and (3) administering and rebuilding civic functions. This correspondence summarizes that briefing, which was drawn from our extensive past work examining peace operations. Enclosure I documents the information we provided to you in the briefing. Since 1990, we have issued 33 reports dealing with 16 of these operations. We have undertaken field studies while those operations were occurring and provided analyses to Congress on peacekeeping efforts in these countries. Summary In summary, we found that the prospects for implementing peace agreements are enhanced if all major parties to the conflict participate in negotiating the agreements and if these agreements include specific authority and mechanisms for their enforcement. For example, the peace agreement for Cambodia had 18 signatory nations, which gave the United Nations the authority and support it needed to confront the Khmer Rouge and conduct elections. In Bosnia and Herzegovina (hereafter referred to as Bosnia), the Dayton Accords specifically 'U.N. Peacekeeping: Estimated U.S. Contributions, Fiscal Years 1996-2001 (GAO-02-294, Feb. 11, 2002). GAO-02-707R Issues in Implementing International Peace Operations

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