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GAO-14-598R 1 (2014-05-23)

handle is hein.gao/gaobaahyg0001 and id is 1 raw text is: GO U.S. GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE 441 G St. N.W. Washington, DC 20548 May 23, 2014 The Honorable Edward R. Royce Chairman Committee on Foreign Affairs House of Representatives Iran: State Leads an Interagency Process to Determine Whether to Impose Sanctions under Section 5(b) of the Iran Sanctions Act Dear Mr. Chairman: Iran's efforts to develop its nuclear program threaten regional and global security and present significant challenges to the United States. The United States and other nations have imposed sanctions on Iran that have adversely affected the Iranian economy.1 In November 2013, the United States participated in multilateral talks with Iran regarding the possibility of providing sanctions relief if Iran addressed international concerns about its nuclear program. These talks resulted in an agreed-upon joint plan of action to explicitly block near-term Iranian pathways to a nuclear weapon and allow further talks to reach a long-term comprehensive solution. The sanctions relief provided for the duration of the talks is currently scheduled to conclude in July 2014. U.S. sanctions on Iran include those specified in the Iran Sanctions Act of 1996 (Iran Sanctions Act).2 Section 5(b) of the Iran Sanctions Act authorizes sanctions on persons engaging in various activities that involve weapons of mass destruction or other military capabilities and are related to Iran.3 You requested that we review how the Department of State (State) has implemented the sanctions provisions in Section 5(b). This report describes the process State and other relevant U.S. agencies use to determine whether to sanction persons under Section 5(b). To determine the process State and other relevant U.S. agencies use to determine whether to sanction persons under Section 5(b), we obtained documentation and interviewed State officials. We interviewed agency officials at the Department of Energy and the Department of Commerce (agencies identified by State as relevant to the sanctions determination process), and obtained corroborating documentation about their roles in making this determination. In 'For a description of the effects of sanctions on Iran, see GAO, Iran: U.S. and International Sanctions Have Adversely Affected the Iranian Economy, GAO 13-326 (Washington, D.C.: Feb. 25, 2013). 21ran and Libya Sanctions Act of 1996, Pub. L. No. 104-172, 110 Stat. 1541, 1543, as amended. The name of the law was changed to Iran Sanctions Act of 1996 in 2006 by the Iran Freedom Support Act, Pub. L. No. 109-293. 3Under section 14(15) of the Iran Sanctions Act, in general, the term person means (i) a natural person; (ii) a corporation, business association, partnership, society, trust, financial institution, insurer, underwriter, guarantor, and any other business organization, any other nongovernmental entity, organization or group, and any governmental entity operating as a business enterprise; and (iii) any successor to any entity described in clause (ii). Also, the term person does not include a government or governmental entity that is not operating as a business enterprise. GAO-14-598R Iran Sanctions Page 1

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